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ethanol to the saturation temperature. The majority of the remaining length is required to reduce the quality 1 to approximately 0.75 where the heat transfer coefficient (Figure 5-14 is still relatively low. As the heat transfer coefficient rises in the latter portion of the evaporator, the evaporator length required for each quality step of 0.05 becomes relatively small (~0.012 m). The total ethanol and exhaust pressure drop for the total evaporator length are 2.38 Pa and 65.3 Pa, respectively. The next section will describe the superheater model in detail. 5.3.3 Superheater Model The approach to the superheater models closely resembles the method used for the evaporator. The primary difference with the superheater model is that both the ethanol and exhaust gases remain single-phase throughout the entire heat exchanger. Therefore, the calculations are simplified and the entire heat exchanger can be solved at once and does not require iteration. The dimensions for the superheater models are shown in Table 5-13 along with the inputs for the representative point shown in Table 5-14. The superheater is a cross-flow design with 2 rows of exhaust channels and 3 rows of ethanol vapor channels. The large temperature difference between the exhaust gas and the ethanol allows the use of a slightly less effective cross-flow design while reducing the pressure drop in the exhaust gas compared to a counter-flow heat exchanger. The basic configuration is shown in Figure 5-16, with the exhaust channels running through the center and the ethanol channels crossing at a 90° angle. Further detail of the channel configuration is provided in Figure 5-17. The channels for both fluids are rectangular with widths of 1.45 mm and heights of 13 mm (Figure 5-18). The superheater width was set to 0.1 m and the necessary length was calculated to achieve the desired heat duty with the given inputs for each coolant temperature. Similarly, the NTU method was utilized to solve for the required heat exchanger length. For the representative point, the exhaust inlet temperature (Th,in) is 566°C, the ethanol inlet 113PDF Image | WASTE HEAT RECOVERY FROM A HIGH TEMPERATURE DIESEL ENGINE
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