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surface area is 0.285 m2 and the required exhaust channel surface area is 0.209 m2, requiring a superheater length of 0.057 m. This length yields total ethanol and exhaust pressure drop for the superheater of 1.66 Pa and 535 Pa, respectively. The ethanol in the superheater experiences a significant temperature increase inside the superheater and there is concern that using the average temperature for the ethanol properties might be a poor estimate. The superheater model for 90°C engine temperature and 60°C condenser temperature was rerun with varying ethanol temperature as the properties input to bound the problem. This case presents the largest temperature rise of all the models with the ethanol being heated from 200°C to 375°C. When the ethanol properties were found using the minimum and maximum temperatures instead of the average, the heat exchanger length only changed by 6 mm at most. Therefore, the ethanol properties at the average coolant temperature are sufficient. The next section will cover the recuperator model used to increase the efficiency of the WHR system. 5.3.4 Recuperator The recuperator design closely resembles that of the superheater, except the recuperator is a counter-flow design instead of a cross-flow and is made of carbon steel due to the lower temperature and pressure requirements (Figure 5-19). The small temperature difference between the ethanol liquid and vapor would have required a large footprint using a less efficient cross-flow configuration. The recuperator transfers heat from the high-temperature side of the system after the turbine to the low-temperature side to pre-heat the ethanol before it enters the evaporator. The ethanol flowing through both sides of the recuperator is single-phase throughout the heat exchanger, with vapor in the high-temperature side and liquid in the low-temperature side. The details of the recuperator dimensions are shown in Table 5-15 along with the inputs for the representative point shown in Table 5-16. The recuperator has 3 rows of high-temperature vapor 118PDF Image | WASTE HEAT RECOVERY FROM A HIGH TEMPERATURE DIESEL ENGINE
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