PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 022
communities realize the benefits of meeting local energy demands with geothermal district-heating solutions. As noted in Section 2.1.3, GHP resources are vast and can be deployed virtually anywhere in America. Doing so would provide benefits to residential and commercial consumers through improved energy efficiency and cost savings, while also providing constant and quiet heating and cooling of residential and commercial buildings. 2.3.2 Economic Benefits from Geothermal Energy Generation Geothermal power generation has positive impacts on local economies (Young et al. 2019, Millstein et al. 2019). Geothermal power plants provide direct financial benefits that are not typical of other renewable energy technologies. For example, geothermal power plants pay federal, state, and local royalties as well as property taxes, providing valued revenue streams in rural counties where these plants often operate. As with other energy projects, geothermal power plants also contribute to the labor market directly through jobs at the plants and indirectly by inducing employment in related supply-chain industries. Geothermal power plants and drilling technologies use a wide range of job skills and labor categories similar to those in fossil energy, mining, construction, manufacturing, and other industries. This shared skill base can allow workers to move easily across industries. The GHP industry demonstrates similar potential for market and job growth, including opportunities in manufacturing and installation. The economic benefits to the geothermal industry are discussed in Chapter 4. 2.3.3 Reliable Power Generation and Essential Grid Services Reliable operation of the nation’s electric grid requires a suite of essential reliability services that are best provided through a diversified portfolio of energy generation technologies (DOE 2017). Geothermal power plants can contribute to this diversification, providing several essential and ancillary grid services including regulation, frequency control, spinning reserve,37 nonspinning reserve,38 and replacement reserve (North American Electric Reliability Corporation 2011; North American Electric Reliability Corporation 2016). With appropriate market-pricing structures, geothermal power generation can operate flexibly, adapt to variability in the power system, and run in a load- following configuration. Geothermal power generation can also be incorporated into microgrid systems or provide black-start capabilities to recover from regional power outages during natural disasters or other emergency situations. This section describes some of the grid-service attributes of geothermal energy in more detail. 2.3.3.1 High Capacity Factor The high (>90%) capacity factor39 of geothermal energy means that geothermal power plants can operate 24 hours a day, with steady output nearly all of the time. The high capacity factor also means that geothermal power plants can generate about 2–4 times as much electricity as a wind or solar energy plant of the same installed capacity (Figure 2-14). For example, a 37 Spinning reserve is additional, rapidly available capacity from generating units that are operating at less than their capability. 38 Nonspinning reserve is additional capacity that is not connected to the electrical grid system but can be made available to meet demand within a specified time. 39 Capacity factor is the unitless ratio of actual electrical energy output over a given period of time to the maximum possible electrical energy output over the same amount of time (Nuclear Energy Regulatory Commission 2017). 30 Chapter 2 | What is Geothermal Energy? Drilling and power-plant construction at the Blue Mountain geothermal field in Nevada. Photo credit: John Casteel Chapter 2PDF Image | What is Geothermal Energy
PDF Search Title:
What is Geothermal EnergyOriginal File Name Searched:
2-GeoVision-Chap2-opt.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)