PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 027
4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 the same capacity; however, the additional cost is returned in energy savings within 5–14 years (Hughes 2008). If financed, consumer savings can be realized immediately because the financing payments can be offset by the savings in electricity consumption provided by the GHP system (Figure 2-17). System life is estimated to be longer than 24 years for the heat-pump components and more than 50 years for the ground heat-exchange loop (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers 2011). Coal Solar Photovoltaics Wind Geothermal Thermal GHP Benefits Utility Bill Figure 2-16. Land footprint by GWhe for various electricity-generation technologies Source: Kagel et al. 2007 Figure Note: Coal includes mining. Photovoltaics (solar) assumes central-station photovoltaic projects, not rooftop systems. Wind reflects land occupied by turbines and service roads. Utility Bill GHP Investment All types of buildings, including homes, office buildings, schools, and hospitals, can use GHPs. ENERGY STAR- certified GHPs have minimum coefficients of performance42 higher than those of conventional residential space heating and cooling equipment; higher coefficients of performance equate to electricity savings and lower operating costs.43 GHPs eliminate on-site combustion of natural gas or other fossil fuels for space and water heating as well as the associated emissions. Considering savings in both electricity and fossil fuels, GHPs consume 20%–40% less primary (source) energy than conventional heating/cooling systems. GHPs use some electricity to operate, which is typically primary energy from the grid. Savings from GHP systems come with a trade-off in higher upfront capital costs for the systems, highlighting the importance of payback periods and innovative business models and financing that can reduce the financial burden and risk for consumers. The installation price of a GHP system can be several times that of a conventional heating and cooling system of Monthly Payment Without GHP Monthly Payment With GHP Figure 2-17. A conceptual illustration of potential consumer savings with geothermal heat pumps 2.4 Technical and Non-Technical Barriers to Geothermal Development Although domestic geothermal use has been growing for decades, the U.S. geothermal industry has realized only modest technology deployment and consumer adoption. For example, U.S. geothermal electricity generation increased only 6% between 2008 and 2015, and, as of 2017, represented only 0.4% of total U.S. electricity generation (EIA 2016). By comparison, wind and solar generation increased 240% and 2,700% over the same time period and now comprise 5.6% and 0.9% of total U.S. generation, respectively. 42 The coefficient of performance refers to the ratio of useful heating or cooling provided to the work required. Electricity savings and coefficients of performance are related through the following equations: Electricity Savings = (P1–P2)/P1, where P1 is the electricity consumption of a GHP unit and P2 is the electricity consumption of a heating/cooling unit against which the electricity savings are to be compared (e.g., traditional HVAC system such as an air conditioner, gas furnace, boiler). Electricity consumption of P1 and P2 are determined by dividing the heating or cooling demand by the unit’s coefficient of performance. 43 GHPs have coefficients of performance of 3.1–4.1 for heating and 4.7–6.2 for cooling, depending on various applications (ENERGY STAR 2017). Chapter 2 | What is Geothermal Energy? 35 m2/GWh Chapter 2PDF Image | What is Geothermal Energy
PDF Search Title:
What is Geothermal EnergyOriginal File Name Searched:
2-GeoVision-Chap2-opt.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |