PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 010
ICESW IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Enginee1ri2n3g44516378(920‘1’8“)” 012019 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/413/1/012019 indication that condensing temperature does not respond to cost-effective performance and hence, according to Li et al [49], this further corroborates the choice of parameters optimization at a given condensing temperature in many studies. Henrik & Per [50] hence clearly stated that higher critical temperature fluids provide superior performance and are less susceptible to changes in condenser temperature and pressure. Henrik Ö & Per [50] also demonstrated that there is a direct positive correlation between increase in expansion ratio and increased critical temperature of fluids. The fluids with higher critical temperatures showed greater expansion ratio potentials and hence, greater work output potential. They also demonstrated that: (i) fluids with higher critical points offers higher expander enthalpy drop, and consequently greater work output, and (ii) for a fluid expanding between two fixed pressures, the volume expansion ratio decreases with increasing maximum cycle temperature but gives rise to increase in enthalpy drop. Similarly, Wang et al. [40], based their investigation of the performance of ORC systems for WHR solely on the critical temperature criterion, proposed that the critical temperature can be a singular factor for fluid selection. The authors proposed based on their finding that thermal efficiencies have dispersed distribution against every other physical parameter other except for the critical temperature alone. In the investigation, five organic fluids were employed; R245fa, R123, R601, isohexane and hexane, with critical temperatures from low to high. Their results showed correlation between thermal efficiency increase and increase in critical temperature while R601 provided the maximum efficiency because of the closeness between the critical temperature and the heat source temperature. It was in a similar trend discovered by Agromayor & Nord [51] that transcritical-recuperated cycle architecture employing either dry or isentropic organic fluids exhibited optimal performance when the critical temperature of the working fluid was slightly lower than the temperature of the heat source. Conversely, no common relationship was established for the optimal cycle architecture for heat source temperatures higher than the critical temperatures of the organic fluids. Bianchi et al., [52] also reported from studies that specific pumping work reduces as the critical temperature of organic working fluids increases, especially when the critical temperature is greater than 150°C, but no direct relationship with liquid specific heat. 4. Guidelines for Screening of Working Fluids Since the efficiency of the Organic Rankine Cycle for a fixed working condition and the life of the turbine as well significantly depends on the selected dry working fluid [53], it therefore requires an optimization process for the probable working fluids in order to determine the most suitable working fluid in concurrently with the expander selection and the ORC architecture. [42] hence identified thirteen basic guidelines for screening of working fluids highlighted below: • Thermodynamic performance • Positive or isentropic saturation vapor curve • High vapor density • Low viscosity • High conductivity • Acceptable evaporating pressure • Positive condensing gauge pressure • High stability temperature • Melting point • High safety level 5. Conclusion In this study, comprehensive review of working fluids selection for ORC applications has been carried out. Pure and azeotropic fluids have been discussed. The thermo-physical properties, stability, environmental effects, safety and compatibility, and availability and cost which are essential factors to be considered when 9PDF Image | Working Fluids for Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Applications
PDF Search Title:
Working Fluids for Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) ApplicationsOriginal File Name Searched:
Babatunde_2018_IOP_Conf-413_012019.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |