10 MWe Supercritical Carbon Dioxide sCO2 Pilot Power Plant

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10 MWe Supercritical Carbon Dioxide sCO2 Pilot Power Plant ( 10-mwe-supercritical-carbon-dioxide-sco2-pilot-power-plant )

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10 MWe Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (sCO2) Pilot Power Plant Abstract Supercritical CO2 cycles are a promising power generation technology that offers numerous benefits in a range of power applications that include fossil, waste heat, solar, marine, biomass, and nuclear. A team led by Gas Technology Institute (GTI), Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) and General Electric Global Research (GE) has initiated a project to design, construct, commission, and operate a versatile and reconfigurable 10 MWe Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (sCO2) Pilot Plant Test Facility located at SwRI’s San Antonio, Texas campus. The project called STEP Demo (Supercritical Transformational Electric Power) is one of the largest scale and most comprehensive in the world. A key project goal is to advance the state-of-the-art for high temperature sCO2 power cycle performance from Proof of Concept (Technology Readiness Level [TRL] 3) to System Prototype validated in an operational system (Technology Readiness Level [TRL] 7). The United States Department of Energy (U.S. DOE) has awarded $84 million for this $119 million project, while cost share is provided by the team, component suppliers and other stakeholders interested in sCO2 technology. Introduction The unique properties of supercritical CO2 offer intrinsic benefits over steam as a working fluid in closed cycles to absorb thermal energy, to be compressed, and to impart momentum to a turbine. The temperature and pressure threshold conditions required for the supercritical state of CO2 are nominally 31°C and 7.4 MPa. These conditions are easily achieved, and above these conditions is a supercritical fluid with higher density and incompressibility as compared to steam or air which results in much smaller turbomachinery (factor 10:1) for a given energy production level. Thus, sCO2 power cycles can offer several benefits: • Higher cycle efficiencies due to the unique thermodynamic properties of sCO2 • Reduced emissions resulting from lower fuel usage • Compact turbomachinery, resulting in lower capex, reduced plant size/footprint, and more rapid response to load transients • Reduced water usage, including water-free capability in dry-cooling applications • Heat source flexibility These benefits can be achieved in a wide range of power applications including gas- and coal-fired power plants, bottoming cycles, industrial waste heat recovery, concentrated solar power, shipboard propulsion, biomass power plants, geothermal power, and nuclear power. Some of these applications are shown in Figure 1 which maps the sCO2 application space relative to incumbent steam and Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) options as a function of power output and heat source temperature.

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