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TA 4.R: Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle Figure 4.R.2 Simple Brayton Cycle Efficiency. Plot of cycle efficiency versus pressure ratio for three different working fluids with ideal turbomachinery (dashed lines) and non-ideal cycles with turbomachinery isentropic efficiencies (η) of 0.9.5 Credit: NETL Table 4.R.1 Non-ideal Simple Brayton Cycle Performance6 and Working Fluid Properties7,8 Working fluid Tc (K) Pc (bar) cp/cv Pressure ratio at maximum efficiency Turbine exit pressure at maximum efficiency (bar) Maximum efficiency (%) CO2 304 73.8 N2 126 33.9 He 5 2.3 1.289 34.9 82.7 34.5 1.4 10.5 1.0 29.5 1.66 5.0 1.0 29.5 Another interesting aspect of the Brayton cycle based on CO2 is that the cycle efficiency is strongly dependent on the minimum pressure in the cycle. Figure 4.R.3 shows the maximum cycle efficiency as a function of turbine exit pressure for three different working fluids with an arbitrary turbine inlet temperature of 700 °C and turbomachinery isentropic efficiencies of 0.9. For N2 and He, the cycle efficiency decreases monotonically as the turbine exit pressure increases. For CO2, however, the cycle efficiency shows a maximum of 34.5% when the turbine exit pressure is approximately 82.7 bar (right vertical dashed line in Figure), a bit above the critical pressure of 73.8 bar (left vertical dashed line in Figure). Note also that for a turbine exit pressure of 1 bar, the maximum cycle efficiency is nearly the same for all three working fluids. 3 QuadrennialTechnologyReview2015PDF Image | Advancing Clean Electric Power Technologies
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