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TA 4.R: Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle Figure 4.R.3 Maximum Simple Brayton Cycle Efficiency varies strongly with turbine exit pressure for CO2. Plot of cycle efficiency versus turbine exit pressure ratio for three different working fluids and turbomachinery isentropic efficiencies of 0.9.9 Credit: NETL A thermodynamic critical point, as shown in a Phase Diagram (see Figure 4.R.410 ) is the end point of a phase equilibrium curve. The end point of the pressure-temperature curve is of interest because this point designates conditions where a liquid and its vapor can coexist.11 Table 4.R.1 lists the critical temperature (Tc) and critical pressure (Pc) for CO2, N2, and Ar. The key property of a fluid near its critical point is its higher gas phase density, closer to the density of a liquid than of a gas. With the CO2 near the critical pressure at the point of Figure 4.R.4 CO2 Phase Diagram Credit: Wikimedia Commons entrance to the compressor, its density will be relatively high and the power requirement for compression will be lower. This directly increases cycle efficiency. Another advantage to maintaining the working fluid above the critical pressure is that the high fluid density throughout the cycle will lead to relatively high power density which is expected to significantly decrease the footprint and capital cost of the major pieces of equipment, although this may be offset by the need to utilize stronger and more expensive materials. 4 QuadrennialTechnologyReview2015PDF Image | Advancing Clean Electric Power Technologies
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