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TA 4.R: Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle Figure 4.R.11 Block Flow Diagram for Semi-closed sCO2 Brayton Cycle Credit: NETL the oxidant or the combustion reactions. Semi-closed direct-fired oxy-fuel Brayton cycles offer the possibility for significantly higher cycle efficiencies than the indirect cycles due to the significantly higher turbine inlet temperature that can be achieved in a direct-fired cycle. They are also expected to have a higher power density than the indirect-fired cycles and will be simpler since a recompression bypass compressor is not needed. Advanced sCO2 Power Cycles Both the indirect and direct sCO2 power cycles are amenable to additional enhancements that can further increase the cycle efficiency. For example, the indirect cycle efficiency may increase with the use of reheat and/or compressor intercooling.26 Some studies have suggested that lowering the CO2 cooler pressure below the critical pressure and condensing the CO2 into a liquid state will increase cycle efficiency since the power required to pump a liquid is much less than the power required to compress a gas.27 Cycle configurations have also been proposed that will increase the range of temperatures over which heat can be harvested in the power cycle. This may be particularly advantageous with fossil fuel heat sources. Brayton Cycles based on Other Supercritical Fluids The supercritical recompression Brayton cycle could utilize working fluids other than CO2. However, several factors limit the number of candidate fluids for a practical power cycle. To maintain high fluid density through the compression phase, and hence high cycle efficiency, the cooler must operate near the critical point of the fluid. Since cycle efficiency will increase as the cooler temperature decreases, fluids having a critical temperature that can be attained with coolants readily-available for power plant use (e.g., ambient temperature water) will have an advantage – in this regard, sCO2 (critical temperature of 304K, or 87°F) is well-suited. Also, the critical pressure must be well below the maximum pressure in the cycle and this further limits the number 10 QuadrennialTechnologyReview2015PDF Image | Advancing Clean Electric Power Technologies
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