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Energies 2020, 13, 6096 5 of 24 In the prospect of the improvement opportunities in ceramic thermal processes, several authors Energies 2020, 13, 6096 5 of 24 investigated the operation of tunnel kilns, intermittent kilns, rotary kilns and roller kilns, dryers and spray dryers. Such studies were based on the performance of mass and enthalpy balances [24,29], which spray dryers. Such studies were based on the performance of mass and enthalpy balances [24,29], were complemented by exergy analysis—applied to identify irreversibility to assess improvement which were complemented by exergy analysis—applied to identify irreversibility to assess opportunities [25,29,33] and thermal analysis—applied to identify potential improvements in heat improvement opportunities [25,29,33] and thermal analysis—applied to identify potential transfer [26]. The performance of global balances to a process may be used to quantify the overall improvements in heat transfer [26]. The performance of global balances to a process may be used to waste heat in a thermal process, and thus WHR opportunities. Considering the values presented by quantify the overall waste heat in a thermal process, and thus WHR opportunities. Considering the Mezquita et al. [24], it is possible to observe the heat losses associated to each stream of a ceramic kiln, values presented by Mezquita et al. [24], it is possible to observe the heat losses associated to each as presented in Figure 4. stream of a ceramic kiln, as presented in Figure 4. Figure 4. Thermal energy losses in ceramic kiln (adapted from [24,34]). Figure 4. Thermal energy losses in ceramic kiln (adapted from [24,34]). While a quantification of typical heat losses for the remaining thermal processes, such as drying While a quantification of typical heat losses for the remaining thermal processes, such as drying and spray drying, remain to be performed, practical studies to quantify the energy inputs and outputs and spray drying, remain to be performed, practical studies to quantify the energy inputs and outputs of specific dryers and spray dryers can be found in the literature [32,33]. of specific dryers and spray dryers can be found in the literature [32,33]. 4.. Framework of WastteHeattRecoverryfforrIIndussttrriiallApplliiccattiionss IIndussttrriiaallththeremrmalaelnenrgerygiyspisrimprairmilyargileynegreantedrabtyedfubeylcofumeblucsotmiobnuinstdioiffneirnendtipffreorcenssteps.roEclecstsreisc. eEnlercgtryicmeanyeraglsyomgaeynearlastoegwenasetreahteawtafsrotemhecoatmfrpormesscionmgpanredssgirningdaindggorpienrdaitniognosp[e3r5a].tiIonbso[3th5]s.yInstebmotsh, hsiygshteams,ohuingths aomf hoeuanttasroeflhoesatttoartehleosetntvoirtohnemenevnitr,omnmaiennlyt,hmeaitnlloysshesatinloesqseusipinmeqnutiapnmdehnetatnldoshseast ilnosesxehsaiunsetxghaasussttagckas s[4ta].ckTsh[e4i]m. TphlemimepntleamtioentoaftiWonHoRf WtecHhRnotleocghineoslaongdiestarantdegstierastmegaikesemusaekoefussuecohf wsuacshtewhaesatetoheoabtttaoinobsetavienraslevasesroalciastseodcibaetnedefibtesn[e2f4i]t,ss[u2c4h], asus:chreadsu:crteidonucitnioeneinrgeynecorgnysucmonpstuiomnpatinodn asnsdociatsesdocCiaOtedemCisOsi2onesm;riessdiuocntsi;onriendmucatniounfacitnurimngancousftasc;tiunrcinregasecoinstcso;mipncarneyasceomipnetictoivmenpeasnsy; 2 rceodmupcteitointivinenresso;ureceducoctniosunminptiroensoaunrdcethceoanssuomcipatieodnenanvdirotnhmeeanstsaolcimatpedactesn,vciornotnrmibeuntitnaglitmoapaloctws, caornbtorinbuectionngotmoya.loSwevcearrabloanutehcornsomhayv.eSebveernaleaxuptlhoorirnsghathveabpeepnliceaxtpiolonrionfgWthHeRaptpelcihcantoiolongoiefsWaHndR sttercahtengoileosgienstahnedinsdtruastetrgyieisningetnherianldaunsdtriyninspgeecnifiecrailnadnudstirniaslpseeccitfoicrsin, dexupstlroirailnsgecatlol rists, eaxspleocrtisnagnadll iittsfaraspmeecwtsoarnkdwiitshifnratmhewaroerakowf eitnheinrgytheffiacreieanocyf.eTnaebrlgey1epffriecsienctsy.thTeabfolere1mporsetspernotgsrtehsesefsowreimthoinst tphreosgtruedssyeosf iwndituhsintriatlhWe HstRu,dsytudoifedinbdyussetvriearlal WauHthRo,rss, tcuodvierdingbiyts sceovneteraxltualuisthatoirosn,, ocpotviemrinsagtioints tchornotuegxhtumaloisdaetliloin,goapntdimteiscahtnion-etchornooumghicmasosdeeslslminegnat.nd techno-economic assessment. Categories Contextualisation of industrial WHR WHR technologies Optimisation and modelling of industrial WHR Practical achievements of WHR implementation Progresses Framework of WHR in industry contextualising opportunities, energy management, WHR technologies and industrial sectors. Description of WHR technologies applied in industry. Framework of smart energy systems and decision support tool development within the context of industrial WHR and the application of model-based approaches. Design and application of several technologies and the assessment of achievements of WHR implementation, Reference [17,36–41] [42–72] [73–76] [77–80] Table 1. Progresses in industrial waste heat recovery (WHR) research.PDF Image | Ceramic Sector Focusing on Waste Heat Recovery
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