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Energies 2020, 13, 6096 12 of 24 Energies 2020, 13, 6096 12 of 24 In Figure 6, the flowsheets of some of the WHR strategies and process integration within a plant In Figure 6, the flowsheets of some of the WHR strategies and process integration within a plant are presented. In the flowsheet presented in Figure 6, previously published by the authors [123], it is are presented. In the flowsheet presented in Figure 6, previously published by the authors [123], it is observable that the project of the implementation of a plant-level WHR strategy encompassing the observable that the project of the implementation of a plant-level WHR strategy encompassing the most energy-consuming processes of the plant, contemplating the hot air recycling from the cooling most energy-consuming processes of the plant, contemplating the hot air recycling from the cooling zone of the kilns as combustion air between kilns and as drying air and the use of the waste heat zone of the kilns as combustion air between kilns and as drying air and the use of the waste heat potential from exhaust gas streams in a water–gas heat exchanger. potential from exhaust gas streams in a water–gas heat exchanger. Fiigurre6.. Flowsheet of an integrated WHR strategy encompassing hot air recycling from tunnel kilns’ cooling zone to the respective combustion chambers and to two dryers and the use of an economiser cooling zone to the respective combustion chambers and to two dryers and the use of an economiser (adapted from [117]). (adapted from [117]). In the ceramic sector, for plant-level technologies and strategies, two main types of heat exchangers In the ceramic sector, for plant-level technologies and strategies, two main types of heat can be installed, namely water–gas heat exchangers (also called economisers) and air–gas heat exchangers can be installed, namely water–gas heat exchangers (also called economisers) and air–gas exchangers (air preheaters) [17]. Water–gas heat exchangers are finned tube heat exchangers applied heat exchangers (air preheaters) [17]. Water–gas heat exchangers are finned tube heat exchangers for the heating of water through the heat recovered from a gas stream [80], normally exhaust gases applied for the heating of water through the heat recovered from a gas stream [80], normally exhaust as exemplified in Figure 6. While air–gas heat exchangers are mostly applied for the heating of gases as exemplified in Figure 6. While air–gas heat exchangers are mostly applied for the heating of an air stream, such as the preheating of a combustion air stream [108], these may present several an air stream, such as the preheating of a combustion air stream [108], these may present several configurations [166], such as: regenerators, recuperators, rotary regenerators and run around coil. configurations [166], such as: regenerators, recuperators, rotary regenerators and run around coil. Moreover, different designs exist [17], such as: plate heat exchangers and heat pipe heat exchangers. Moreover, different designs exist [17], such as: plate heat exchangers and heat pipe heat exchangers. The application of heat exchangers is conditional to the type of fluid, namely if corrosive. Corrosion The application of heat exchangers is conditional to the type of fluid, namely if corrosive. Corrosion can be caused by the passage of acidic gases originating from combustion and due to the potential can be caused by the passage of acidic gases originating from combustion and due to the potential production of foaming; for hot air recycling usually this is not applicable, in which an equivalent production of foaming; for hot air recycling usually this is not applicable, in which an equivalent amount of waste heat may be recovered to tunnel kilns or other processes within the plant, without the risk of corrosion or foaming formation [22].PDF Image | Ceramic Sector Focusing on Waste Heat Recovery
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