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Energies 2020, 13, 4014 16 of 18 S SP T TH1 Tc Tr TC1 TC2 V ̇ VFR W ̇ W ̇ S z γ ∆HS η ηT ηth ηP φ σ HP LP out S 1, 2, 3 . . . Entropy (kJ kg−1 K−1) Size parameter for a stage of axial turbine V ̇ 0.5 out,S /∆H0.25 S Temperature (◦C or K) Maximum temperature of the heat source (thermal oil) (◦C or K) Critical temperature (◦C or K) Reduced temperature (= T/Tc) Cooling air inlet temperature (◦C or K) Cooling air outlet temperature (◦C or K) Volumetric flow rate (m3 s−1) Isentropic flow ratio = V ̇out,S/V ̇in = ρin/ρout Mechanical or electrical power (kW) Isentropic power (kW) Molar fraction Specific heat ratio (CP/CV) Isentropic turbine work (kJ kg−1) Total efficiency (ηthφ) Turbine efficiency Thermodynamic efficiency Pump/compressor efficiency Heat recovery factor (see Equation (1)) Parameter of molecular complexity TcdSsv = R dT Tr =0.7,dew High pressure Low pressure Outlet conditions Isentropic conditions Numbers identifying different points in the thermodynamic cycles References 1. Santarossa, S. Putting industrial waste heat to use. Turboden: Brescia, Italy, 2018. 2. ReUseHeat Recovery of Urban Excess Heat, Horizon 2020 Project, Start Date: 1 October 2017, End Date: 30 September 2021, Grant Agreement 767429. Available online: https://www.reuseheat.eu (accessed on 6 June 2020). 3. TASIO, Waste Heat Recovery for Power Valorisation with Organic Rankine Cycle Technology in Energy Intensive Industries, Horizon 2020 Project, Start Date: 1 December 2014, End Date: 31 May 2019, Grant Agreement 637189. Available online: https://www.tasio-h2020.eu/ (accessed on 6 June 2020). 4. I-ThERM, Industrial Thermal Energy Recovery Conversion and Management, Horizon 2020 Project, Start Date: 1 October 2015, End Date: 30 June 2020, Grant Agreement 680599. Available online: http://www. itherm-project.eu (accessed on 6 June 2020). 5. Agathokleous, R.; Bianchi, G.; Panayiotou, G.; Arestia, L.; Argyrou, M.C.; Georgiou, G.S.; Tassou, S.A.; Jouhara, H.; Kalogirou, S.A.; Florides, G.A.; et al. Waste Heat Recovery in the EU industry and proposed new technologies. Energy Procedia 2019, 161, 489–496. [CrossRef] 6. Bianchi, G.; Panayiotou, G.P.; Aresti, L.; Kalogirou, S.A.; Florides, G.A.; Tsamos, K.; Tassou, S.A.; Christodoulides, P. Estimating the waste heat recovery in the European Union Industry. Energy Ecol. Environ. 2019, 4, 211–221. [CrossRef] 7. Kizilkan, O. Performance assessment of steam Rankine cycle and sCO2 Brayton cycle for waste heat recovery in a cement plant: A comparative study for supercritical fluids. Int. J. Energy Res. 2020, 1–15. https: //doi.org/10.1002/er.5138 [CrossRef] 8. Worrel, E.; Price, L.; Martin, N.; Hendriks, C.; Meida, L.O. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from the Global Cement Industry. Annu. Rev. Energy Environ. 2001, 26, 303–329. [CrossRef] 9. Nimbalkar, S.U.; Thekdi, A.C.; Rogers, B.M.; Kafka, O.L.; Wenning, T.J. Technological and Materials for Recovering Waste Heat in Harsh Environments; ORNL/TM-2014/619; Oak Ridge National Laboratory: Oak Ridge, TN, USA, 2014.PDF Image | CO2 Mixtures as Working Fluid for High-Temperature Heat Recovery
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