PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 012
3.0 The Market This section characterizes the market for CHP at WWTFs. It first presents information about WWTFs that currently utilize CHP, and then discusses the CHP market potential at WWTFs, focusing on WWTFs that do not currently utilize CHP but that have anaerobic digesters. For economic reasons, WWTFs that already operate anaerobic digesters9, or those planning to implement anaerobic digestion, present the best opportunity for CHP; therefore, the analysis in this report focuses on WWTFs that have anaerobic digesters. The incorporation of anaerobic digesters into the wastewater treatment process is typically driven by factors other than power and heat generation (e.g., enhanced biosolids management or odor control). However, once in place, anaerobic digesters produce digester gas—or biogas— which is key to CHP feasibility at WWTFs. Biogas is approximately 60 to 70 percent methane, and can be used to fuel a CHP system to produce electricity and useful thermal energy. The electricity generated can offset all or most of a WWTF’s electric power demand, and the recovered thermal energy can be used to meet digester heating loads and facility space heating requirements. However, at this time most biogas is used to heat digesters or is flared.10 3.1 Wastewater Treatment Facilities with CHP As of June 2011, wastewater treatment CHP systems were in place at 133 sites in 30 states, representing 437 megawatts (MW) of capacity.11 Although the majority of facilities with CHP use digester gas as the primary fuel source, some employ CHP using fuels other than digester biogas (e.g., natural gas, fuel oil) because they either do not operate anaerobic digesters (so do not generate biogas), or because biogas is not a viable option due to site-specific technical or economic conditions. Of the 133 WWTFs using CHP, 104 facilities (78 percent), representing 190 MW of capacity, utilize digester gas as the primary fuel source.12 Table 1 shows the number of sites and capacity (MW) by state that use digester gas as the primary fuel source for CHP. 9 Anaerobic digestion is a biological process in which biodegradable organic matter is broken down by bacteria in the absence of oxygen into biogas consisting of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and trace amounts of other gases. 10 Brown and Caldwell,”Evaluation of Combined Heat and Power Technologies for Wastewater Treatment Facilities,”December 2010. Available at: http://water.epa.gov/scitech/wastetech/publications.cfm. 11 CHP Installation Database, maintained by ICF International with support from the U.S. Department of Energy and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Available at: http://www.eea-inc.com/chpdata/index.html. 12 Some WWTFs blend biogas with natural gas if the volume of biogas from the digesters is not sufficient to meet a facility’s thermal and/or electric requirements (e.g., in the winter when digester heat loads are higher). 5PDF Image | Combined Heat and Power at Wastewater Treatment Facilities
PDF Search Title:
Combined Heat and Power at Wastewater Treatment FacilitiesOriginal File Name Searched:
Wastewater-combined_heat_and_power_at_wastewater_treatment_facilities.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)