PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 031
4.2.4 National Economic Potential Scenarios Using the cost-to-generate results presented in the previous subsection and the 2008 CWNS data, national economic potential estimates were developed. Two scenarios were evaluated due to uncertainties in 2008 CWNS data: • Scenario 1: Most Facilities Do Not Use Digester Gas Prior to CHP. This scenario assumes that the 2008 CWNS data on how WWTFs use their digester gas are completely accurate, meaning that most WWTFs with anaerobic digesters do not use their biogas in any way. As mentioned in Section 3.2, however, there are limitations to using CWNS data, and the CWNS finding that biogas is used minimally is inconsistent with research and interviews conducted as part of this report. • Scenario 2: All Facilities Use Digester Gas to Heat Digester Prior to CHP. This scenario assumes that the research conducted in preparing this report is correct, and that most WWTFs use their digester gas to heat the digester. For the purposes of the analysis, Scenario 2 assumes that all WWTFs use their digester gas to heat the digester only and use natural gas for any additional space heating needs prior to CHP implementation. For both scenarios, the analysis estimates the national economic potential by estimating the simple payback period for each WWTF and summing all CHP system sizes (MW) that have a payback period of seven years or less. The analysis was done for each WWTF in the United States greater than 1 MGD that has an anaerobic digester but does not have CHP installed. Payback period was determined by dividing the total capital investment for CHP by the total annual savings achieved through CHP use.35 The results show an economic potential range for CHP of 178 to 260 MW at WWTFs greater than 1 MGD with anaerobic digesters, with Scenario 1 providing an upper bound and Scenario 2 the lower bound. Details concerning each of the scenario analyses are discussed below. Scenario 1: Most Facilities Do Not Use Digester Gas Prior to CHP Scenario 1 assumes that the 2008 CWNS data are completely accurate, indicating that most WWTFs with anaerobic digesters do not use their biogas in any way. Based on research and through the facility interviews conducted as part of this report, however, the authors believe that most WWTFs use at least some of their digester gas. The CWNS data suggest otherwise—that 1,148 of the 1,351 facilities evaluated do not use their digester gas. As a result of this discrepancy, the analysis of the CWNS is presented here as a scenario of what the economic potential could be if the CWNS data were fully accurate, and the scenario is meant to serve as an upper bound of CHP economic potential. 35 Total annual cost savings were calculated by adding the annual electric and natural gas bill savings and subtracting the annual maintenance costs. Annual electric bill savings were derived from annual CHP electrical output multiplied by state average industrial electricity prices from 2010 (EIA). Annual natural gas bill savings were estimated using the thermal credit calculation described in Section 4.2.3 on cost to generate that were based on annual avoided gas purchases for each potential project, using 2010 state industrial natural gas prices (EIA). Annual maintenance costs were derived from the maintenance costs as shown in Table 12, multiplied by the CHP annual electric output. 24PDF Image | Combined Heat and Power at Wastewater Treatment Facilities
PDF Search Title:
Combined Heat and Power at Wastewater Treatment FacilitiesOriginal File Name Searched:
Wastewater-combined_heat_and_power_at_wastewater_treatment_facilities.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |