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5.0 Wastewater Treatment Facility Interviews: CHP Benefits, Challenges, and Operational Insights The previous sections of this report demonstrate that there is both technical and economic potential for increased CHP use at WWTFs in the United States. Translating potential into actual successes, however, requires an understanding of operational realities. This section builds on the previous sections by presenting operational experiences from WWTFs that have already implemented CHP. To assess operational experiences with CHP at WWTFs, interviews of a number of WWTFs that utilize CHP were conducted. The focus of these conversations was to gain a better understanding of their decision to utilize CHP, the benefits they have realized from CHP to date, and the challenges/barriers of operating and maintaining CHP systems. Much of the information obtained through the interviews affirms common elements reported in other recent studies on CHP at WWTFs,36 but new operational insights were also discovered. This section first provides an overview of the WWTFs interviewed by the CHPP and explains how they were chosen. It also provides descriptions of the interview format used and the questions asked. Subsequent subsections summarize the information obtained through the interviews and are organized by: 5.1 • • • Drivers for installing CHP and operational benefits Challenges to CHP project development and operation/maintenance (O&M) Operational insights and observations Wastewater Treatment Facilities Interviewed and Interview Format When selecting WWTFs to interview, the objective was to build a representative pool of WWTFs so that the results were indicative of the sector. WWTFs selected to be interviewed, therefore, represent operational, geographical, and technological diversity. Thirty WWTFs were initially identified, and 14 were ultimately interviewed. Table 17 provides a summary of the 14 WWTFs interviewed. Of the 14 CHP systems represented, the prime mover breakdown matches closely with what is seen in the marketplace (see Table 2, Section 3.1), with nine operating reciprocating engines, four operating microturbines, and one operating a fuel cell system. CHP system sizes range from 60 kW to 3.075 MW, and WWTF flow capacities range from 2 MGD to 75 MGD. The earliest CHP system was installed in 1987 and the most recent in 2009. The 14 WWTFs are also located across the country, with four operating in the East, one operating in the Southeast, five operating in the Midwest, and four operating in the West. 36 Association of State Energy Research & Technology Transfer Institutions, “Strategic CHP Deployment Assistance for Wastewater Treatment Facilities,” October 2009. Available at: http://www.asertti.org/wastewater/index.html; Brown & Caldwell, “Evaluation of Combined Heat and Power Technologies for Wastewater Treatment Facilities,” December 2010. Available at: http://water.epa.gov/scitech/wastetech/publications.cfm. 28PDF Image | Combined Heat and Power at Wastewater Treatment Facilities
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