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Driver/Benefit Summary Examples Energy/Sustainability Plans and Emissions Reductions Many states, localities, and facilities have implemented energy and sustainability plans aimed at increasing energy efficiency and clean sources of energy. Several facilities noted that CHP at their WWTF was a driver for helping to meet a state/local/facility sustainability plan. In addition, some of the facilities noted that, as environmental organizations, their goal is to enhance the health and welfare of their communities. These facilities see CHP as a means to help further fulfill this goal because of CHP’s ability to displace gridbased electricity with clean, renewably fueled electricity— decreasing emissions of pollutants such as nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, and CO2. • The Wildcat Hill Wastewater Treatment Plant, the Great Falls Wastewater Treatment Plant, the Des Moines Metro Wastewater Reclamation Facility, and the Bergen County Utilities Authority cited sustainability plans as a driver/benefit of CHP installation. Both the Wildcat Hill and Great Falls facilities cited sustainability plans as the primary driver for CHP installation. Enhanced Reliability If interconnected in a way that also allows grid independent operation, CHP systems can enable WWTFs to sustain operations in case of a grid outage. Some facilities stated that the ability to operate independently from the grid was a key driver for CHP. Most of the facilities, however, said they are designed to shut down when the grid goes down, to satisfy local utility requirements. • The Rock River Reclamation Plant first installed a 2 MW reciprocating engine CHP system in mid2004. In the spring of 2010, the facility expanded the CHP system to include three reciprocating engines with a total capacity of 3.075 MW. The main driver cited for the CHP system upgrade was the desire to fully meet the facility’s electric demand on site, allowing the facility to operate independently from the grid if needed. The facility has a total electric demand of 2.2 MW, and with the new CHP system, the facility has plenty of excess capacity. In addition to having the ability to operate independently from the grid, the facility’s excess capacity also enables it to take one engine off line at a time for maintenance while still maintaining the ability to fully meet the facility’s electric demand. Facility Upgrades A portion of the facilities incorporated CHP as part of a scheduled facility equipment and process upgrade. Some of these facilities operated CHP for a number of years and noted • In 1988, the Des Moines Metro Wastewater Reclamation Facility underwent a complete facility redesign, which included installing anaerobic digesters and a 1.8 MW reciprocating engine CHP system. In 1997, the facility started to experiment with taking industrial waste and fats, oils, and greases (FOG) to boost biogas production, and through the operation of the CHP system and other Energy Conservation Measures constructed throughout the plant. The arrangement was a direct result of the Guaranteed Energy Savings Act passed by the Pennsylvania legislature. • Albert Lea Wastewater Treatment Plant developed its CHP system through an innovative relationship with its local utility. Under the agreement, the utility helped pay for the CHP system and agreed to maintain it for the first five years of operation. In exchange, the utility received clean energy credits for use under Minnesota’s Conservation Improvement Program. • The Columbia Boulevard Wastewater Treatment Plant took advantage of the Oregon Business Energy Tax Credit and received money from the Oregon Energy Trust in exchange for the clean energy credits generated from the CHP system. The Business Energy Tax Credit provided 33.5 percent of the total CHP system cost. Although the WWTF is not a taxpaying entity, the tax credit rules allow public entities to sell the credit to entities that are subject to state tax. • The Columbia Boulevard Wastewater Treatment Plant’s CHP system helps the city of Portland meet its sustainability plan, but the plan was not a driver for the CHP installation. The facility is considering expanding the CHP system, however, and sees the city’s sustainability plan as a driver for the expansion. • Prior to CHP installation, the Allentown Wastewater Treatment Plant fired a small portion of its biogas in boilers for heat, flared the remaining biogas, and purchased all of its electricity. The facility cited the desire to reduce CO2 emissions associated with purchased electricity to be more in line with its environmental mission as a driver for CHP installation. 32PDF Image | Combined Heat and Power at Wastewater Treatment Facilities
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