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Challenge Utility Issues Summary Examples Lack of Adequate Biosolid Supply Some WWTFs do not treat enough wastewater to generate sufficient biogas to make CHP economically feasible. In many cases, this holds true for facilities with flow rates less than 5 MGD. However, smaller facilities can make CHP viable by hauling additional waste such as FOG or taking on industrial waste streams that are high in biological oxygen demand (BOD)39. Larger facilities can also expand their opportunities for CHP by increasing their biogas generation potential through processing of FOG or other industrial waste streams. • The Chippewa Falls Wastewater Treatment Plant was one of three facilities interviewed with an influent flow rate less than 5 MGD. Prior to installing a 60 kW microturbine CHP system, the facility operated gaspowered blowers with the biogas they produced and captured the waste heat off the blowers to help meet digester heat loads. Although the facility only treats an average of 2 MGD, approximately 50 percent of the BOD treated by the facility comes from a local brewer. This enhanced BOD content allows the facility to generate enough biogas to power its CHP system. A number of facilities indicated that burdensome interconnection requirements or high tariff and standby rates were significant challenges to developing CHP. Some mentioned that their utility restricts sales of excess power to the grid, impairing project economics. However, opportunities may exist for WWTFs to partner with their local utility to help move a CHP project forward. the glycol chiller and digester gas compressor. • The Des Moines Metro Wastewater Reclamation Facility stated that working with the local utility on interconnection was a challenge. It took the facility one to two years to negotiate an interconnection agreement, creating great expense in terms of both money and staff time. • The Rock River Water Reclamation Plant reported that working with the local utility on interconnection was very difficult, time consuming, and expensive. Of note, the facility stated that the cost of interconnection represented 10 percent of the total cost associated with CHP implementation. • Fourche Creek Treatment Plant initially experienced problems with grid interruptions. To remedy this, the facility installed a fiber interlock between the plant and the electric substation that allows the facility to completely disconnect from the grid when there are interruptions. This is mainly a safety feature that helps protect the CHP system equipment and helps to ensure smooth operation of the system. • The Columbia Boulevard Wastewater Treatment Plant experienced resistance from the local utility concerning selling power back to the utility under a contract. The utility was not opposed to the facility operating CHP, but it forced the facility to install reverse power relays to prevent any power export back to the grid. The facility would have preferred the option of selling excess power. • The Theresa Street Wastewater Treatment Facility did not experience any problems working with the local utility on interconnection. However, although the facility is able to sell excess power, it feels it does not receive enough credit for the power it supplies. The facility buys power at 5.5 cents per kWh but receives only 2.5 cents per kWh for power sold back to the grid. • The Wildcat Hill Wastewater Treatment Plant ultimately partnered with the local utility to provide renewable energy credits (RECs) and motivate the utility to help move the project forward. 39 BOD is the amount of oxygen required by aerobic microorganisms to decompose the organic matter in a sample of water. It is a common measure of the biosolid loading in wastewater treatment streams and an indicator of biogas generation potential. 36PDF Image | Combined Heat and Power at Wastewater Treatment Facilities
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