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Appendix C: Space Heating Capability of CHP at Wastewater Treatment Facilities As discussed in Section 4.2.2, the analysis estimated the space heating capability of CHP at WWTFs, demonstrating that after digester loads are met, there is little CHP recovered heat available for space heating in most climates. Based on the results shown in Figure 2 and Table 9 (both in Section 4.2.2), the analysis estimated the amount of heat available for space heating after digester heating is met. By subtracting the average values for digester heating requirements (see Table 9) from the thermal output of representative CHP systems, the amount of heat available for space heating was estimated for three different sizes of WWTFs (i.e., 3, 16, and 40 MGD) for each of the five climate zones. The CHP systems chosen represent typical prime mover types and sizes used at WWTFs, and the WWTF sizes are representative of the range of facility sizes that are applying CHP. The following table presents the results. Estimated Space Heating Capability for CHP Units in Different Climate Zones Thermal Output/Load (MMBtu/day) Climate Zone WWTF Plant Size (MGD) Representative CHP System Estimated CHP Thermal Output Average Digester Load Surplus Thermal Output for Space Heating 1 – Cold 2 – Cold/ Moderate 3 – Moderate/ Mixed 4 – Warm/Hot 5 – Hot 3 65 kW Microturbine 16 400 kW Engine 40 1 MW Engine 3 65 kW Microturbine 16 400 kW Engine 40 1 MW Engine 3 65 kW Microturbine 16 400 kW Engine 40 1 MW Engine 3 65 kW Microturbine 16 400 kW Engine 40 1 MW Engine 3 65 kW Microturbine 16 400 kW Engine 40 1 MW Engine 5.9 8.4 0.0 38.4 44.8 0.0 81.6 112.0 0.0 5.9 7.5 0.0 38.4 40.0 4.0 81.6 100.0 0.0 5.9 6.9 0.0 38.4 36.8 1.6 81.6 92.0 0.0 5.9 6.0 0.0 38.4 32.0 6.4 81.6 80.0 1.6 5.9 5.4 0.5 38.4 28.8 9.6 81.6 72.0 9.6 The data in the table above reveal that a substantial amount of surplus heat for space heating is available only in warm and hot climates, where demand for space heating is minimal (except in cold winter months). In cold climates, where more energy is required to heat the digester, surplus thermal energy for space heating is generally not available. CHP provides for much higher gas utilization than if the digester were heated directly with boilers, since the use of digester gas is much higher in the summer months when heating loads are minimal. Gas utilization by baseloaded CHP systems is fairly constant throughout the year, other than during periods of maintenance, whereas gas utilization for boilers drops significantly during summer periods when some digester heating may be needed but little or no space heating 43PDF Image | Combined Heat and Power at Wastewater Treatment Facilities
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