PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 013
Energies 2021, 14, 410 13 of 15 For all the selected candidates of the VCC system, propane in ORC was found to have the least value for working fluid mass flow rate and heat input with the variation in the compressor work requirement. The lower critical temperature value for propane than its fellow hydrocarbons, also make it a suitable candidate. As can be observed in Figure 7, the mass flow rate value for propane was considerably lower for each of the VCC working fluid (a) R123, (b) R134a, and (c) R245fa, respectively. The dotted lines in Figure 7 show the mass flow rate variation with incremental change in condenser temperature, while the bar graphs provide the quantitative comparison in heat requirement in vapor generator for state set of condenser temperatures. An improvement in ORC efficiency or VCC (COP) would bring overall system improvement. For ORC candidates, R245fa was the second- best choice as it had a lower GWP value along with a lower heat input requirement. R123 and R134a are among the commonly studied candidates for ORC, but R245fa and propane are their prospective replacements. 5. Conclusions A combined power and refrigeration system consisting of ORC and VCC has been analyzed for the refrigeration application. The ORC is the prime mover for the VCC sys- tem, while it has been derived from waste-heat energy sources. The system has been suc- cessfully analyzed for bringing the ambient temperature to −16 °C using a dual fluid sys- tem. Performance comparison for a set of working fluids for VCC and ORC was presented with the condenser outlet temperature to be an independent parameter. The pressure ra- tios are kept constant and the variation in refrigeration compressor work affecting the heat input in ORC was presented with these findings; (a) for the standalone VCC system, R123, R134a, and R245fa were found to be suitable candidates for their higher COP values of 2.85, 2.58, and 2.7089, respectively, for the given set of conditions. (b) Propane and R245fa were the most appropriate options for the thermally activated ORC when applied in com- bination with selected candidates of the refrigeration system. (c) For the highest tempera- ture value (40 °C), a combination of R123 in the refrigeration cycle with its derived power from ORC using propane had the highest efficiency value of 16.48%. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, and original draft prep- aration by S.K. and N.M.A.A. M.-H.K. supervised the research and edited the manuscript. All the authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research received no external funding. Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: Data is contained within the article. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Nomenclature Abbreviations COP coefficient of performance GWP global warming potential ORC organic Rankine cycle ODP ozone depletion potential VCC vapor compression refrigeration cycle h specific enthalpy [J/kg] m mass flow rate [kg/s] 𝒬 heat transfer [W] S specific entropy [J/kg.K] T temperature [K]PDF Image | Combined Power and Refrigeration System for Low-Grade Heat
PDF Search Title:
Combined Power and Refrigeration System for Low-Grade HeatOriginal File Name Searched:
energies-14-00410.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)