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Energies 2020, 13, 6163 9 of 18 The overall heat transfer coefficient (U) of the Evaporator Heat Exchanger is calculated by the convective heat transfer coefficient of the working fluid (hwf), the convective heat transfer coefficient of the heat source (hhs), and the conduction heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger (kp) as shown in the Equation (25). 1=1+t+1 (25) U hwf kp hhs The heat source is in a single-phase state in all operating areas, and the convective heat transfer coefficient in the single-phase state followed the Muley and Manglik correlation. Based on the Reynolds number, it followed the Equation (26) at 400 or below and followed the Equation (27) at 800 or more [26]. Moreover, the Nusselt number was interpolated using the transitional algorithm in the transition zone. ReL is the Reynolds number in the liquid state, whereas PrL is the Prantle number in the liquid state. In addition, kL is the heat transfer coefficient in the liquid state, while Dh is the hydraulic diameter of the plate heat exchanger. hhs = 0.44 β0.38 30 ReL0.5PrL0.33 k L (26) Dh D0 = 0.2688 − 0.006967β + 7.244 × 10−5β2 D1 = 20.78 − 50.94φ + 41.1φ2 − 10.51φ3 D2 = 0.728 + 0.0543sin πβ + 3.7 45 k hhs = D0D1ReLD2PrL0.33 L (27) Dh The convective heat transfer coefficient in the two phase region of the evaporator’s working fluid follows the Yan and Lin correlation and is as shown in Equation (28) [27]. Reeq is the equivalent Reynolds number, Bo is the boiling number, Geq is the equivalent mass flux. G is the channel mass flux. q is the heat flux. x is the vapor quality. μL is the dynamic viscosity of the liquid. ρL is the density of the liquid, and ρv is the density of the vapor. 0.5 ρL kL hwf = 1.926Reeq PrL Bo 1−x+x (28) 0.5 0.33 0.3 ρD Bo= q Bo= q GAhx GAhx 0.5 ρL (29) (30) (31) Geq =G1−x+x ρ Reeq = GeqDh μL v To compare and verify the analysis results based on the evaporator heat exchanger model constructed as described above and the previous experimental results, The validation analysis was conducted using the same conditions as in Jeong’s study using R245fa as the working fluid and water as the heat source. As shown in Figure 5, the difference between Jeong’s heat exchanger performance data that was previously studied and the analysis results in this study were within 3% approximately, and the analysis model constructed accordingly was confirmed to have a certain level of reliability. vhPDF Image | Combined Power Generation System Based on HT-PEMFC and ORC
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