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Energies 2020, 13, 6163 17 of 18 of waste heat becomes greater than the amount of power generated at points above a certain current density. (3) And as the current density is relatively higher, the rate of change in the stack power and waste heat generation amount according to the stack operating temperature clearly increases. Additionally, the rate of change in power generation by operating temperature of stack with cooling pump is increased by up to 20% at the current density of 0.4 A·cm−2 compared to rate of change in power considering only stack model. Therefore, the operating temperature of the HT-PEMFC stack generation system is able to be considered as an important operating condition that affects the power generation performance change characteristics. (4) In the model of the HT-PEMFC stack and ORC combined power generation system, comparative analysis was performed according to the operating temperature, power generation load (current density), and working fluid condensing temperature of the ORC system in order to compare the system efficiency excluding the stack, that is, the thermal efficiency of the ORC and subsystem that includes the stack cooling pump and heat exchanger, which change according to the operating conditions. As the operating temperature of the stack increased, the efficiency deviation of ORC and subsystem excluding the stack by the change in current density tended to decrease. Considering the energy load consumed by the thermal management part, it was shown that, under a certain current density, the lower the stack operation temperature was, and the more the efficiency of the ORC and subsystem except the stack improved. Moreover, as the working fluid condensing temperature decreased, the efficiency of the combined power generation system except for the stack tended to increase as well. The HT-PEMFC stack and ORC combined power generation system require an appropriate operation strategy according to the target subjects and operating environment. To this end, this study constructed a combined power generation system model that considered the thermal management of the stack and the heat exchange process of waste heat and verified the operation range according to operating. It is believed that the results of this study will contribute to the selection of stacks and establishment of the strategies according to the target subjects and operation environments of the HT- PEMFC stack and ORC combined power generation system. In the future, an improvement on the model will be made regarding the target subjects of specific combined power generation, and analytical and experimental comparative studies will be conducted. Author Contributions: H.S.K. designed the research, H.S.K., M.-H.K. and Y.H.S. discussed the results and contributed to writing the paper. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research was supported by the Technology Development Program to Solve Climate Changes of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (NRF-2016M1A2A2937158). Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1. Arpino, F.; Massarotti, N.; Mauro, A.; Vanoli, L. Metrological analysis of the measurement system for a micro-cogenerative SOFC module. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2011, 36, 10228–10234. [CrossRef] 2. Arpino, F.; Dell’Isola, M.; Maugeri, D.; Massarotti, N.; Mauro, A. A new model for the analysis of operating conditions of micro-cogenerative SOFC unit. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2013, 38, 336–344. [CrossRef] 3. Duhn, J.D.; Jensen, A.D.; Wedel, S.; Wix, C. Optimization of a new flow design for solid oxide cells using computational fluid dynamics modelling. J. Power Sources 2016, 336, 261–271. [CrossRef] 4. Supra, J.; Janßen, H.; Lehnert, W.; Stolten, D. Temperature distribution in a liquid-cooled HT-PEFC stack. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2013, 38, 1943–1951. [CrossRef] 5. Lüke, L.; Janßen, H.; Kvesic ́, M.; Lehnert, W.; Stolten, D. Performance analysis of HT-PEFC stacks. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2012, 37, 9171–9181. [CrossRef] 6. Kandidayeni, M.; Macias, A.; Boulon, L.; Trovão, J.P.F. Online Modeling of a Fuel Cell System for an Energy Management Strategy Design. Energies 2020, 13, 3713. [CrossRef]PDF Image | Combined Power Generation System Based on HT-PEMFC and ORC
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