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Energies 2018, 11, 217 22 of 26 The costs of the battery systems are examined. Li-S cells material costs are projected to be around USD 70–130 per kWh. The overall battery pack costs are targeted to reach USD 150 per kWh [74]. Spare parts, which are also bought with the aircraft, are encountered with the factor kS. As the electric components require less replacements [23], the spare parts factor is assumed to be lower for these compared to the gas turbine system. Table A1. Overview of component prices and spare parts factors. Components Electric motor Inverter/converter Electric cable Battery 2 (high power Li-S) Airframe Gas turbine Price p EUR 150/kW EUR 75/kW Not considered 1 EUR 150/kW 1595.30 EUR/kg 551.50 EUR/kW Spare Parts Factor k Source 0.2 [70,71] 0.2 [72,73] -- - [74] 0.1 [46,69] 0.3 [68] 1 Assumption that costs for cable outweigh savings for smaller fuel tank system. The battery capital costs are calculated differently. As the battery strategy is chosen to rely on ground charging, more than one battery set is needed per aircraft. The assumption is made that the battery can be used twice a day for flights due to charging times in between the operations. For six flights a day three battery sets are needed to operate the aircraft. The depreciation rate of the battery is derived with the lifetime cycles of the batteries (NBat,cycles): DPBat = 3 NBat,cycles (A12) FC The battery annuity can be calculated with DPBat and a residual value factor of 40% [10]. In the last step, the total battery capital costs are examined: DOCCap, Bat = 3 EBat pBat With the price for the battery in EUR/kWh. The total investment costs are calculated with the sum of the two capital cost components: DOCCap = DOCCap,AC + DOCCap,Bat (A13) (A14) Appendix A.6. Fees Airport and ATM fees are separated into landing (DOCLdg), ground operation (DOCGround) and navigation fees (DOCNav): DOCFees = DOCLdg + DOCGround + DOCNav (A15) The landing fees depend on the MTOW in kg and the total block time (tTotal): DOCLdg =9.5×10−3−1×10−3ln(tTotal)MTOW×FC (A16) Ground operation includes the costs for the turn-around process of the aircraft and the PAX handling. The calculation takes into account the payload (PL) of the aircraft: DOCGround = 0.11 PL − 5 × 10−7 PL2 FC (A17)PDF Image | Design of Operation Strategies for Hybrid Electric Aircraft
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