logo

Energy Intensity and CO2 Emissions in Ecuador

PDF Publication Title:

Energy Intensity and CO2 Emissions in Ecuador ( energy-intensity-and-co2-emissions-ecuador )

Next Page View | Return to Search List

Text from PDF Page: 001

sustainability Article The Trends of the Energy Intensity and CO2 Emissions Related to Final Energy Consumption in Ecuador: Scenarios of National and Worldwide Strategies Flavio R. Arroyo M. 1,2,* and Luis J. Miguel 1,* 1 2 * Correspondence: flavio.arroyo@gmail.com (F.R.A.M.); ljmiguel@eii.uva.es (L.J.M.) Received: 29 November 2019; Accepted: 8 December 2019; Published: 18 December 2019 Systems Engineering and Automatic Control, School of Industrial Engineering, Paseo del Cauce s/n, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain Faculty of Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Av. Universitaria, Central University of Ecuador, Quito 170129, Ecuador Abstract: Climate change and global warming are related to the demand for energy, energy efficiency, and CO2 emissions. In this research, in order to project the trends in final energy demand, energy intensity, and CO2 emission production in Ecuador during a period between 2000 and 2030, a model has been developed based on the dynamics of the systems supported by Vensim simulation models. The energy matrix of Ecuador has changed in recent years, giving more importance to hydropower. It is conclusive that, if industrialized country policies or trends on the use of renewable energy and energy efficiency were applied, the production of CO2 emissions by 2030 in Ecuador would reach 42,191.4 KTCO2, a value well below the 75,182.6 KTCO2 that would be seen if the current conditions are maintained. In the same way, by 2030, energy intensity would be reduced to 54% compared to the beginning of the simulation period. Keywords: Business as usual (BAU); global warming; energy intensity; energy efficiency; CO2 emissions; energy policies 1. Introduction The scientific evidence is overwhelming for the proposition that global warming is due in great measure to the increase in CO2 levels in the atmosphere, as is the fact that the increase in CO2 concentration is due to human activity [1–4]. Climate change is currently one of the most pervasive and threatening problems. In many places, the changes in temperature are already placing ecosystems under stress and are also affecting human well-being [2]. Environmental change is happening at a much faster rate than previously thought, making it imperative that governments act now to reverse the damage that has been done to the planet [1,5]. The World Health Organization estimates that more than seven million people die every year due to poor air quality, and that three million of those deaths are premature. Several studies have shown that air pollution associated with the production and use of energy directly affects air quality and climate [6–12]. As global Gross domestic product (GDP) grew between 2014 and 2016, global fossil fuel emissions stagnated. However, this trend did not continue, and in 2017 global emissions increased by 1.6%. The projections of the Global Carbon Project suggest that CO2 emissions will grow by around 2.7%, reaching 37.1 gigatons by the year 3000 [4]. The main sources of air pollution are associated with inefficient transport systems, the use of electrical energy produced in power plants that consume fossil fuels, and also industrial activities. 􏰁􏰂􏰃 􏰅􏰆􏰇 􏰈􏰉􏰊􏰋􏰌􏰂􏰍 Sustainability 2020, 12, 20; doi:10.3390/su12010020 www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability

PDF Image | Energy Intensity and CO2 Emissions in Ecuador

energy-intensity-and-co2-emissions-ecuador-001

PDF Search Title:

Energy Intensity and CO2 Emissions in Ecuador

Original File Name Searched:

sustainability-12-00020.pdf

DIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing

NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info

IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info

Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info

Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info

Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info

NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info

Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info

CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP