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conventional radial turbines are usually radially fibered (zero inlet blade angle) to minimize bending stresses. However, since backswept blades are used in the current study, the centrifugal stresses at the leading edge must be analyzed and checked carefully. The purpose of the current analysis is to identify the limits of blade tip deformation and total von Mises stresses using ANSYS Static Structure. The resulted maximum stress and displacement should not exceed the material tensile strength and Mathematics 2020, 9, 50 the running tip clearance (0.6 mm [31]). The running tip clearance is the clearance between the rotor 15 of 30 and the casing. Figure 15 shows the specified fixed support and direction of rotation. Figure 15. Specified boundary conditions for the finite element analysis (FEA), fixed support (a) and rotational speed and Figure 15. Specified boundary conditions for the finite element analysis (FEA), fixed support (a) and its axis (b). rotational speed and its axis (b). 5.1. Material Selection Various types of materials are investigated. Fullcure 720 which is a multipurpose Polymer is considered as a cost-effective and efficient way for turbine manufacturing [62]. In other studies [63,64], rotor blades are made of the aluminium alloy due to its light weight, ease of machining, strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance. In Kaczmarczyk et al. [65], rotor blades were made of stainless steel to provide adequate heat compensation and minimize the propagation of vibrations of the machine to the entire installation. Moreover, rotors made of Titanium alloy are used in some studies such as [66,67] to provide high mechanical resilience. Table 4 presents the properties of considered types of materials. Table 4. Properties of considered materials. Properties Density Tensile Strength Poisson’s Ratio Bulk Modulus Shear Modulus Unit Fullcure 720 kg/m3 1185 MPa 60 - 0.27 GPa 2.08 GPa 1.13 Aluminium Alloy 2770 280 0.33 69.61 26.7 Stainless Steel 7750 207 0.31 169.3 73.66 Titanium Alloy 4620 930 0.36 114.29 35.294 5.2. Mesh Generation and Sensitivity Analyses Like the CFD study, the independency study for FEA is carried out using different element sizes as shown in Table 5. Several meshes are generated with different node numbers. The deviation between two executive operations decreases till reaches 0.33% in von Mises stress and 0.002% in total deformation between operation 8 and operation 9. Therefore, the mesh in operation 8 is selected as the grid independence values. The mesh of the turbine rotor is generated with mapped face/tetrahedrons mesh type as shown in Figure 16.PDF Image | Generation of 3D Turbine Blades for Automotive ORC
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