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Geomech. Geophys. Geo-energ. Geo-resour. (2020)6:19 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40948-020-00148-y(0123456789().,-volV() 0123458697().,-volV) Geothermal energy potential of Indian oilfields Hemant Kumar Singh ORIGINAL ARTICLE Received: 1 August 2019 / Accepted: 22 January 2020 Ó Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Abstract Geothermal energy is one of the renewable energy sources that have gained extensive recognition as an alternative energy source to fossil fuel energy because of its sustainability and low impact on the environment. However, in spite of the benefits of geothermal energy, drilling costs often hinders the development of geothermal fields for production. The drilling costs can be reduced to a great extent by using the abandoned oil and gas wells, surrounded by hot water, for geothermal resource development. The depth and abundance of abandoned wells in oilfields make them an economically attractive source for geothermal energy. Indian oilfields have several abandoned oil/gas wells and have huge potential for geothermal energy. Such oilfields are discussed in this paper. Geothermal energy resources in the oilfields can be categorized in two categories: (1) High temperature co-produced water—from deep oil/gas wells or from high-temperature shallow formation, thus, heat can be extracted through double-pipe heat exchanger in a single well, (2) Another approach to extract geothermal energy could be in situ combustion of difficult-to-extract hydrocarbons from the forma- tion. In-situ combustion of hydrocarbons produces H. K. Singh (&) Department of Petroleum Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais, Amethi 229304, India e-mail: hemantkrsingh25@gmail.com; hksingh@rgipt.ac.in enormous heat that can be utilized for power gener- ation. A detailed design for the heat recovery from the oil field is also discussed here. Keywords Oil and gas fields Geothermal Sedimentary basins India 1 Introduction With the rising population and continuous growth in industrialization, the demand for energy has been increasing exponentially. Primary source of energy is based on the fossil fuels (Teke and Yas ̧ar 2018), which are considered as threats to the environment, as burning of fossil fuels releases huge amount of CO2, one of the greenhouse gasses, for example. A major portion of anthropogenic CO2 emission in the envi- ronment is related to energy production and only a minor portion of CO2 is emitted from the waste, agriculture, and other processes (IEA 2015a, 2016, 2019). According to the reports of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the global average of CO2 concentration in the atmo- sphere has increased significantly over the past century, from about 280 ppm to around 400 ppm which is 142% higher than the pre-industrial revolu- tion concentrations (WMO 2016). In the past decade, the average increase of CO2 in the atmosphere 123PDF Image | Geothermal energy potential of Indian oilfields
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