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Geomech. Geophys. Geo-energ. Geo-resour. (2020)6:19 Page 7 of 9 19 Fig. 4 Schematic of in situ combustion process with temperature variation from injection to production wells [modified after Sarathi (1999) and Naccache and O’Callaghan (2011)]. With proposed ORC geothermal power generation plant in ISC method is condensed with native crude. The remaining residue is normally known as coke, is deposited on the rock formation. The condensing steam zone having low-pressure gradient and temperature within this zone is in the range from 150 to 285 °C. The water zone is saturated with water with low amount of organic substance. The oil zone contains all the oil that has been displaced from the upstream zones. Furthermore, beyond the oil zone lies the undisturbed zone which yet to is affected by the combustion process but saturated with the combust gases. 2. Wet combustion: In the dry combustion process, a huge amount of heat is generated during burning of hydrocarbon and a significant part of it is stored in the rock matrix, which is not used for oil displacement. In wet combustion, on the other hand, a mixture of water and air is injected into the formation. This process requires less air and fuel as compared to dry combustion. Therefore, the viscosity of oil is improved with the increase of water/air ratio. Though, the wet combustion process is more efficient at high water/air ratio. The excessive water injection quenches the burn- ing front, therefore, reduces the high-temperature front to a hot-water or steam front (Bousaid 1989). Since the heat capacity of water is considerably higher, as compared to that of dry air, water and air mixture can absorb and transport heat very efficiently. The injected water absorbs heat from the burned zone and vaporized into the steam. This steam passes through the combustion front and condenses in the cooler section of the reservoir. Thus, acceleration of steam and water zone, therefore, faster heat movement and oil displace- ment in the reservoir. As shown in Fig. 4, formation temperature in the injection well reached up to 430–540 °C and it decreases towards the production well and attains a 123PDF Image | Geothermal energy potential of Indian oilfields
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