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viability.1 For the 12-month period between October 1, 2014, and September 30, 2015, the average CAISO off-peak price was $28.68/MWh, and average on-peak price was $49.04/MWh, resulting in an average price spread of $20.37/MWh across the period of analysis. Using these simplified timing and rate assumptions, electricity purchases and sales were valued for the GT-CAES facility under baseline operations (Table 6.2). Table 6.2. GT-CAES Baseline Operational Scenarios with CAISO Market Data (Daily Basis) Cycle Compression Power Generation Gross Net Time MW (hr) MWh 8.5 12 101.8 15.4 4 61.6 13.4 4 53.6 Price ($/MWh) $ 28.68 $ 49.04 $ 49.04 Total Cost and Revenue ($) $ 2,918 $ 3,020 $ 2,628 Using average market pricing, and operating under the fixed 12-hour compression, 4-hour generation scenario, arbitrage alone generates a small amount of revenue with a price spread of $20.37 (based on gross capacity). At net capacity (after accounting for 2 MW of steam turbine loss from the associated steam host), arbitrage alone is not an economically viable option, though arbitrage becomes revenue neutral with a modest 2% capacity factor improvement (equivalent to about 30 minutes of additional generation), or at a price spread of at least $25.77. Moving beyond the simplified fixed dispatch times toward something more closely approximating the way in which a utility might actually dispatch an energy storage resource like this, analysis of market data suggests that when operated on an hourly or daily basis, arbitrage economics improve significantly. Starting with 5-minute CAISO data, the lowest cost 12 hours in each day of the year was determined coincident with the compression cycle; as well as the highest revenue 4 hours coincident with the power generation cycle. Each daily average was then rolled up to a monthly average to dampen the price signal associated with the rarest events, and to reflect the greater uncertainty inherent in such markets. Table 6.3 shows monthly average market prices during the periods selected for purchase (compression) and sale (expansion), evaluated as described above, as well as revenues and costs associated with the GT-CAES baseline configuration at a 17% utilization rate. 1 CAISO day ahead market pricing for October 1, 2014 through September 30, 2015. 25PDF Image | Geothermally Well Based Compressed Air Energy Storage
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