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“We Freeze to Please” Preface Icing research has received only limited attention from historians. Yet the problem of icing has challenged aviators and aircraft manufacturers since the earliest days of pow- ered flight—and continues to do so. At various times in the past, victory has been declared over the menace of icing, but these claims have always proved premature. Despite more than seven decades of research into the phenomena, much remains to be learned about the nature of icing and how best to respond to it. In the United States, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and its successor, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), have led the way in investigating the interaction between aircraft and the icing environment, as well as in developing various means to protect fixed- and rotary-wing machines. To be sure, icing research has never been given a high priority. When the NACA began to investigate icing during the 1930s, most of the engineers at the Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory were far more interested in advances in aerodynamics than they were in icing. When work shifted to the new Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory in Cleveland in the 1940s, icing research rep- resented only a minor interest of a laboratory that was devoted to engine development. Later, the demands of the space age overshadowed NASA’s work on aeronautics. Within this limited context, icing investigations usually ranked low on the aeronautical research agenda. Perhaps because of their lack of status in the NACA/NASA world, icing researchers tended to form a close-knit group. Untroubled by distinctions between fundamental research and practical engineering, they believed that they were doing important work and were making a significant contribution to safety. They found other icing enthusi- asts in industry, academia, and government agencies, both in the United States and abroad, and eventually came together in an international “icing community.” Esprit de corps among individuals concerned with icing problems tended to be high. Over and over again during the course of my research for this study, interviewees would tell me that their association with icing research was the highpoint of their careers. Their attitude was infectious, making my work not only a learning experience, but also an enjoyable one. In telling the story of NACA/NASA icing research, I have focused on the role of the Icing Research Tunnel (IRT) at the Cleveland laboratory. Because the experiments that were conducted in the IRT formed only part of a broader investigation into icing which encompassed flight research and computer simulation, I have included information about these topics while keeping the tunnel at the center of my study. Also, I have attempted to place the work of the NACA/NASA in the broader context of the icing problems faced by the international aviation community. xPDF Image | History of NASA Icing Research Tunnel
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