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“We Freeze to Please” is one of great interest to Naval aeronautics,” Rear Adm. William A. Moffett, chief of BuAer, wrote to Lewis on March 12, “and one in which very little data is available. A solution to this problem is considered to be one of great importance.” Moffett went on to request that the NACA “undertake research on this problem with a view of deter- mining the conditions under which ice forms on the structures of aircraft; second, possible preventative means; and third, the development of an instrument or instruments which would indicate to the pilot conditions of temperature and humidity under which ice formation takes place.”6 One day later, citing Gillmore’s request and anticipating the letter from BuAer, Lewis told the NACA’s Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory (LMAL) in Hampton, Virginia, to begin planning an investigation into the icing problem. He noted that the Department of Commerce, which also had an interest in the subject, had at first suggested that the Bureau of Standards erect a small wind tunnel in their altitude chamber and devise a system to control temperature and humidity in order to investigate conditions under which ice would form on metal and fabric surfaces. Upon further con- sideration, however, it had been decided to conduct the preliminary investigation at the Langley laboratory. “This investigation,” Lewis continued, “could be made in the 6-inch wind tunnel, using a small metal airfoil section. The temperature of the airfoil sec- tion could be controlled by the expansion of CO2 . . . and the humidity controlled either by water spray in the air stream or by admitting steam in the air stream. [If] the tem- perature of the air stream could also be controlled by the expansion of the CO2, by lagging the small tunnel with Cellotex or cork, and by placing a box or chamber around the test section, fairly constant conditions could be obtained.” Lewis hoped that the investigation would produce information on the temperature and humidity at which ice will form on metal and fabric surfaces, develop an instrument to alert pilots to conditions under which icing could be expected, and suggest methods of preventing ice formation “such as heating the wings or coating the wing or surface with some material which will prevent deposition of water.”7 Two weeks later, on 28 March, William P. MacCracken, Jr., assistant secretary of commerce for aeronautics, called a special conference of representatives of the Army Air Corps, Navy Bureau of Aeronautics, Weather Bureau, Bureau of Standards, and the NACA to study “the causes and prevention of ice formation on aircraft.” Lewis was able to report at this meeting that the NACA had already begun such a study. Reports from pilots who had experienced icing conditions were being reviewed, and research flights into icing were underway. Also, the NACA had plans for tests “in a special wind tunnel 6 Moffett to Lewis, 12 March 1928, File RA 247, Langley Library. 7 Lewis to LMAL, 13 March 1928, RA 247, Langley Library. 4PDF Image | History of NASA Icing Research Tunnel
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