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constitute the “in flight icing community.” Sponsored jointly with the FAA, and with planning assistance from the Department of Defense, the workshop met on 19–21 July 1978. Participation exceeded all expectations. In all, 113 individuals from industry, the military, and government agencies attended, including representatives from the Netherlands, United Kingdom, France, Sweden, and Norway. Had this meeting been held a few years earlier, Lubarsky observed in his welcoming remarks, “I believe we could have all sat around a card table.” But this had changed. Requests for testing in the IRT had reached a point where they were difficult to satisfy. This renewed interest in icing, Lubarsky said, was being driven by new requirements and by the opportunities offered by new technologies. Commercial transport manufacturers wanted more efficient equipment. General aviation interests wanted to certify their aircraft to fly into forecast icing conditions. There was a similar need for helicopters, stemming from mil- itary requirements to operate throughout Europe during the winter, and from commercial needs to service oil rigs in the North Sea and off the Alaskan coast.12 John H. Enders, from the Safety Office in NASA Headquarters, then made the introduction. The intent of the workshop, he noted, was to share information from a wide range of specialist groups, most of whom normally have little or no regular contact with one another. The participants in the workshop then toured the IRT and the Altitude Wind Tunnel. Enders told them that NASA was considering a proposal to modify the AWT into a large subsonic propulsion and icing test facility.13 Conference participants were then assigned to committees on meteorological research, icing forecasting, systems development, civil operations, military operations, and icing research and facilities. Over the next day and a half, the committees consid- ered all aspects of their area of responsibility, and then they rendered a final report of recommendations. Beheim delivered the executive summary of the workshop. He began by reviewing the past, and then he looked to future developments in icing research. Between 1940 and 1955, he said, industry and government laboratories, especially the NACA, had made a significant effort to define the natural icing environment, determine its effect on aircraft components, and design technologies for ice protection. The results of this work estab- lished the basis for certification requirements for large transports. This effort had ended in the late 1950s, as transports shifted to jet power and had ample supplies of engine- bled air to cope with icing during ascents and descents. Although it is clear that the old NACA research was held in high regard, Beheim con- tinued, the lack of serious efforts to advance the state of the art since 1957 had resulted in Industry in the IRT 12 Lubarsky, “Welcoming Remarks,” NASA Conference Publication 2086, pp. iii–iv. 13 Enders, “Introduction,” ibid., pp. vii–ix. 71PDF Image | History of NASA Icing Research Tunnel
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