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rotating ice-protection systems under varied conditions, the report recommended that the “upgrading of existing major icing test facilities must continue as rapidly as funds permit.” The IRT could be modernized to improve the range of liquid water content and droplet size to meet civil and military helicopter requirements. Also, the AWT should be reactivated as an icing tunnel. The report emphasized that the helicopter rotor was the “key area” requiring a major effort. Although the IRT was not large enough to accommodate a full-scale rotating main rotor, work was already underway to test an OH-58 tail rotor rig in the tunnel. These tests offered the opportunity to determine the feasibility of using scale- model rotors for testing.21 Reinmann was pleased with the three studies, which generated tremendous interest both at Lewis and at NASA Headquarters. They not only enabled NASA to put together a responsive program with well-defined objectives, but they also made everyone aware that NASA “was back in the icing business.” The main problem with implementing the program, however, was lack of funds.22 For the first three years, Reinmann had to work with a limited annual budget of only $500,000. But the situation improved in 1981, thanks largely to the interest of Allen R. (“Dick”) Tobiason. Trained as an engineering test pilot and a retired Master Army Aviator, Tobiason became the manager of aviation safety technology at NASA Headquarters in 1980. “I found many low-funded programs,” he recalled, “that did not appear to have the potential for improving safety in the short term, nor were there prospects to increase total funding.” He decided to cancel several of the smaller programs and use the money to increase funding for programs which had more immediate prospects for improving safety and which used unique NASA facilities. One of the major recipients of Tobiason’s largess was icing research.23 Tobiason not only quadrupled icing funding, but he also arranged for the transfer to Lewis of a Twin Otter research aircraft. “I wanted,” he noted, “some test airplanes involved to prove theory, wind tunnel results, and analytical models.” The Langley lab- oratory, where the Twin Otter was based, was reluctant to part with the airplane. Tobiason, however, had the necessary “clout” to override Langley’s objections. The transfer included an agreement between Lewis and Langley to share data. Finally, Tobiason wanted closer relations between Lewis and the FAA, which was in the process of revising icing standards for certification. Largely through his Industry in the IRT 21 Peterson, Dadone, and Bevan, “Rotorcraft Aviation Icing Research Requirements,” NASA CR 165344 (May 1981). 22 Reinmann interview. 23 Lewis News, 10 April 1981; Tobiason to Leary, 10 July 2001. 79PDF Image | History of NASA Icing Research Tunnel
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