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Mathematics 2021, 9, 33 8 of 31 Reference Description Table 1. Cont. The Rankine cycle produces 1.9 MW of electricity, its energetic efficiency is 28.9%, and the exergetic efficiency is 31.2%. The energy efficiency of reverse osmosis desalination unit is 62.8% and its exergetic efficiency is 29.6%. Finally, the overall energetic and exergetic efficiencies of the trigeneration integrated system are 39.3% and 40.8% respectively. [42] An integrated trigeneration system for electricity, hydrogen, and freshwater production using waste heat from a glass melting furnace are analyzed. It consisted of a flue gas emitted from a glass melting furnace which is used as a heat source of the system. Afterwards, it consists of a Rankine cycle, a thermochemical Cu-Cl cycle and a reverse osmosis desalination unit. [43] It is a review article dedicated to the utilization of waste heat in desalination processes and its advances are presented. It is concluded that waste heat has successfully been used to drive different desalination processes and has proven to be a significant economic and environmental benefit. [44] The authors presented multipurpose desalination, cooling, and air conditioning system powered by waste heat recovery from diesel exhaust fumes and cooling water. The standard reference conditions of temperature and pressure of 20 ◦C and 1 am, respectively, are used irrespective to any time or regional dynamics. Findings Location of the Analysis Demonstration Dates of the Analysis Gaps with the Current Work The trigeneration system is driven by a waste heat recovery unit which is quite different than the concept of internal waste heat recovery presented in this article. The work does not quantitively present a case study of energetic and economic benefits of a waste heat recovery unit in desalination, as outlined in this work. The configuration, the mode of waste heat recovery, and the analysis in the proposed configuration are different than reference [44]. (The cell is left blank intentionally because these columns are not applicable for reference [43]) The authors have concluded that the effect of water temperature on the mass flux through the membrane is higher than the hot water mass flow rate. The Coefficient-of-Performance within the range of 0.83–0.88 can be achieved when the heat transfer coefficient is 0.45 while the exhaust gas mass ratio is between 0.37 and 0.53. -PDF Image | Humidification Dehumidification Solar Desalination System
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