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Mathematics 2021, 9, 33 19 of 31 experimental data points because the heat loss coefficient (UL) for the solar collector case is contributing significantly which was absent in the experimental setup of [75]. However, the water productivity level for the case in which the authors simulated the boiler is higher Mathematics 2020, 8, x FOR PEER REVIEW 19 of 33 than the experimental data points because of the assumptions considered in Section 3.3. Figure 5. Benchmarking of simulation results by comparison with simulation results of Dai et al. [75] Based on this discussion, the maximum discrepancy observed for this benchmarking is modelling of solar collector adapted by the authors as compared to the relatively simplified without waste heat recovery. ~8% for both cases as reported in Figure 6a,b which is a plot between the temperature of mathematical model of [75]. It is to be stressed here that the feed water recirculation (waste heat saline water and water productivity level. recovery) [83] is not included for this comparison to fully replicate the conditions of [75]. The results of the simulation study are also benchmarked by comparison with the experimental results of Dai et al. [75]. A comparison is carried out for two cases. For the case, I, the MFR of air is 615.6 kg/h, and the ambient relative humidity is 54%. For case II: the MFR of air is 661.8 kg/h, and relative humidity is 49%. For both cases: the ambient air temperature is ~22 °C, the feedwater temperature is ~19 °C, the MFR of saline water is 2310 kg/h and the MFR of feed water in condensing coil is 3780 kg/h. Here it is stressed that the authors of [75] replaced the solar collector by a boiler to obtain quick lab results during experimentation. The authors of the current work carried out analysis by considering the solar collector. Subsequently, an analysis is also carried out by solving the boiler as a heat input. The analysis considering boiler and solar collector along with experimental data of [75] for each of the case I and case II is shown in Figure 6a,b. It can be observed here that the water productivity level for the solar collector is lower than the experimental data points because the heat loss coefficient (UL) for the solar collector case is contributing significantly which was absent in the experimental setup of [75]. However, the water productivity level for the case in which the authors simulated the boiler is higher than the experimental data points because of the assumptions considered in Section 3.3. Based on this discussion, the maximum discrepancy observed for this Figure5b.eBnecnhcmhmarakrkininggoisfs~im8%ulaftoiornbreostuhltscbaysecsomapsariespoonrwteidthsinimuFliagtuiornere6sau,bltswofhDicahietisal.a[7p5]lot between the Figure 5. Benchmarking of simulation results by comparison with simulation results of Dai et al. [75] withoutewmapsterhaetautrreeocofvsearlyin. e water and water productivity level. without waste heat recovery. The results of the simulation study are also benchmarked by comparison with the experimental results of Dai et al. [75]. A comparison is carried out for two cases. For the case, I, the MFR of air is 615.6 kg/h, and the ambient relative humidity is 54%. For case II: the MFR of air is 661.8 kg/h, and relative humidity is 49%. For both cases: the ambient air temperature is ~22 °C, the feedwater temperature is ~19 °C, the MFR of saline water is 2310 kg/h and the MFR of feed water in condensing coil is 3780 kg/h. Here it is stressed that the authors of [75] replaced the solar collector by a boiler to obtain quick lab results during experimentation. The authors of the current work carried out analysis by considering the solar collector. Subsequently, an analysis is also carried out by solving the boiler as a heat input. The analysis considering boiler and solar collector along with experimental data of [75] for each of the case I and case II is shown in Figure 6a,b. It can be observed here that the water productivity level for the solar collector is lower than the experimental data points because the heat loss coefficient (UL) for the solar collector case is contributing significantly which was absent in the experimental setup of [75]. However, the water productivity level for the case in which the authors Figure 6. Comparison of simulation results with the experimental results of Dai et al. [75] for (a) case Figure 6. Comparison of simulation results with the experimental results of Dai et al. [75] for (a) case simulated the boiler is higher than the experimental data points because of the assumptions I, (b) case II, without waste heat recovery. I, (b) case II, without waste heat recovery. considered in Section 3.3. Based on this discussion, the maximum discrepancy observed for this benchmarking is ~85%. RfeosrulbtostahndcaDseiscuassrioepnorted in Figure 6a,b which is a plot between the 5.1. Mass Flow Rate (MFR) of Inlet Air Effect on Freshwater Production The intake of MFR of air is an important parameter in a desalination unit because it determines the blowing power. Therefore, simulations are carried out to observe the influence of MFR of air on water productivity with and without waste heat recovery from the condensing coil and it is presented in Figure 7. temperature of saline water and water productivity level. This work aims to recover the heat from the condensing coil. Therefore, in this section, different parameters are varied to observe their effect on freshwater productivity with and without the waste heat recovery. Figure 6. Comparison of simulation results with the experimental results of Dai et al. 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