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Energies 2020, 13, 5043 12 of 20 Figure 7. Flow rates of methane required to produce the required amount of heat for sCO2 cycle with air and oxygen oxidizers for different Φ. As shown in Figure 7, at all Φ the fuel flow required for the standard sCO2 cycle is lower than the fuel flow for the FFCTH with and without being CO2 sequestration-ready. In the standard sCO2 cycle case, the fuels chemical energy is converted to heat and then to the sCO2 cycle via the heat exchanger. Thus, the standard cycle requires less fuel, but also produces less power than in the case of the integrated FFC. The standard sCO2 cycle operates at a fixed Φ of 0.8 as all of the heat released in the combustor transfers to the working fluid. This fuel flow result shows that more methane is required for the sequestration-ready FFCTH power generation compared to the sCO2 cycle because the electrical power generated by the sCO2 is fixed at 6 MW. However, the electrical efficiency of the FFCTH is higher overall, which will be shown below. When integrating the FFC with the sCO2 cycle, the amount of methane required to provide the necessary heat increases with Φ. This increase happens because as Φ increases a larger portion of the incoming fuel energy converts to electric power in the FFC due to the constant fuel utilization efficiency. To make up for the larger power generation, more fuel is necessary to meet the heat requirement. Thus, even though the FFCTH requires more methane flow to operate, it is important to consider the electrical efficiency (described in later sections) of the setup in order to establish the significance of these results. It also shows why the comparison of methane flow rate of FFCTH with standard sCO2 turbine cycle alone can be misleading. Figure 7 also shows that the fuel needed to meet the heat requirement is slightly higher with oxygen (CO2 sequestration-ready case) than with air at lower Φ (7% higher at Φ = 1.2). At higher Φ (>2), the fuel flow rates converge to the same value. To understand the reason for this trend, it is important to consider the syngas concentration of the fuel-rich combustion exhaust with air compared to with oxygen. For the fuel-rich combustion exhaust concentrations for methane with air and oxygen, we refer back to Tables 1 and 2. To maintain consistency for the purpose of the comparison, the nitrogen is removed, and the rest of the concentrations are rescaled, so they sum to 1. Table 6 shows these scaled concentrations.PDF Image | Hybrid Fuel Cell Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle CO2 Storage
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