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Energies 2020, 13, 5043 15 of 20 Figure 10. Comparison of the electrical efficiencies of the sCO2 system with and without the FFC integrated and with and without CO2 sequestration with varying Φ with experimental FFC parameters (ηfu = 0.7 and ηfc = 0.5). The electrical efficiency of the FFCTH with and without sequestration changes at different Φ. At lower Φ, the electrical efficiency with and without CO2 sequestration approach a similar value. This is primarily due to the higher fuel requirement at low Φ (Figure 7) and the power required for CO2 sequestration in the CO2 sequestration case compared to no CO2 sequestration case, as Figure 9 shows. Due to this, the rate of increase of electrical efficiency is much faster for no sequestration case compared to the sequestration case. This shows that the amount of CO2 generated affects the electrical efficiency reduction in the CO2 sequestration case, which is in line with logic. The maximum absolute efficiency penalty is 0.68% at Φ = 2.8. This is a very small efficiency penalty compared to previous literature [36,37,48]. The electrical efficiency of the FFCTH without sequestration is 6.85% higher than the standard sCO2 turbine setup without sequestration. The standard sCO2 turbine setup pays a penalty of 1.44% for incorporating CO2 sequestration. Table 7 provides a comparison of previous attempts at integrating carbon sequestration with gas turbines. As shown from previous studies, conventional gas turbines typically have a 4–10% decrease in electrical efficiency when integrating post exhaust carbon capture and sequestration. Note that different systems use a variety of CO2 sequestration methods, which leads to inconsistent efficiency penalties. The standard sCO2 turbine suffers a smaller penalty in electrical efficiency based on the assumptions in this study, which include the exhaust heated air separation. As the waste heat rejection from the sCO2 cycle is able to meet the air separation requirements in most cases, the efficiency penalty is small compared to previous work. Along with the fact that FFCTH system pays a much smaller penalty in efficiency; this system also provides an advantage over previous systems due to the high overall efficiency while being sequestration-ready.PDF Image | Hybrid Fuel Cell Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle CO2 Storage
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