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Energies 2020, 13, 5043 17 of 20 such as fuel utilization efficiency and fuel cell conversion efficiency, for a scaled up model and theoretical analysis. The electrical efficiency of the FFCTH increases with increasing Φ with and without being CO2 sequestration-ready. The electrical efficiency comparison of the FFCTH between sequestration-ready and not is only 0.68% lower at the Φ of 2.8. Surprisingly, this electrical efficiency is almost similar with and without CO2 sequestration readiness at the Φ of 1.2 (0.03% lower with CO2 sequestration ready case). The close match between the two cases occurs because waste heat can be utilized from the sCO2 cycle. The electrical efficiency of the FFCTH reaches a maximum electrical efficiency of 60% at a Φ of 2.8. Although a penalty of lower electrical efficiency occurs with CO2 sequestration, the proposed concept shows a lower reduction in electrical efficiency for carbon sequestration-ready power generation compared to previous literature due to the exhaust heat driven air separation. The proposed system suffers only a 0.68% penalty due to CO2 sequestration. The results show that the syngas present in the fuel-rich combustion exhaust and the amount of CO2 present in the exhaust are important factors in describing the results obtained. The P/H ratio increases with increasing Φ. Furthermore, both with and without being sequestration-ready have greater P/Hs than the standard sCO2 cycle. The P/H ratio of the FFCTH is 5.7 times higher at the Φ of 1.2 and 116 times higher at the Φ of 2.8 with CO2 sequestration than without sequestration. The FFCTH minimizes unutilized heat from the system by using the rejected heat from sCO2 turbine cycle. This shows a wide range of P/H ratios can be achieved by tuning system variables. Several future studies can build upon this work. As examples, pressure loss, oxygen adsorption/ desorption system size and issues with scaling up the experimental results can be addressed. Although the effect of pressure drop is not expected to significantly affect the conclusions of this study, it should be included in future analysis as it will reduce the performance slightly. The experimental results demonstrate the performance of a single fuel cell, but interconnect and other system losses can be considered with a scaled up experiment. In this study the use of waste heat was not considered except for the thermally-driven adsorption/desorption cycle. Other applications include integration with a steam/organic Rankine cycle, or for process heat, both of which can be investigated further. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, E.B.S., I.E. and R.J.M.; Data curation, R.G.; Formal analysis, R.J.M.; Funding acquisition, E.B.S. and I.E.; Methodology, R.G., E.B.S. and R.J.M.; Project administration, R.J.M.; Supervision, R.J.M.; Writing—original draft, R.G.; Writing—review and editing, R.G., E.B.S., I.E. and R.J.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research was funded by the USA Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) under the Solar Energy Technologies Office grant number DE-EE0008991. Acknowledgments: This material is based upon work supported by the USA Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) under the Solar Energy Technologies Office Award Number DE-EE0008991. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of the USA Department of Energy or the USA Government. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: A related invention disclosure was submitted. References 1. U.S. Energy Information Administration. Monthly Energy Review—January 2020; 2020; Volume 35. Available online: https://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/pdf/mer.pdf (accessed on 23 September 2020). 2. Lueken, R.; Klima, K.; Griffin, W.M.; Apt, J. The climate and health effects of a USA switch from coal to gas electricity generation. Energy 2016, 109, 1160–1166. [CrossRef] 3. Bao, C.; Wang, Y.; Feng, D.; Jiang, Z.; Zhang, X. Macroscopic modeling of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and model-based control of SOFC and gas turbine hybrid system. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 2018, 66, 83–140. [CrossRef] 4. Levi, M. Climate consequences of natural gas as a bridge fuel. Clim. Chang. 2013, 118, 609–623. [CrossRef]PDF Image | Hybrid Fuel Cell Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle CO2 Storage
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