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Waste Heat in Major Industry Sectors This study analyzes the following industrial sectors for sources and availability of waste heat, possible applications of the waste heat inside and outside the plant, experience in waste heat recovery activities, and barriers to waste heat recovery: Aluminum – Primary Production Aluminum – Recycling and Secondary Melting Steel – Integrated Steel Mill Steel – Mini Mill or EAF Mill Glass – Fiberglass Manufacturing Chemicals and Petroleum Refining – Major Operations Paper – Paper Mill Food – Food (Snack) Manufacturing Cement – Dry Process and Shaft Furnaces Coatings – Vinyl Coating Mill The following factors were taken into consideration within each sector: The plant’s processes, operations, sources of waste heat, and current use or discharge of waste heat streams The energy used for utilities and other areas where waste heat or its converted form of energy (i.e., electricity) can be used Activities in waste heat management (reduction, recycling, and recovery) Requirements and economic criteria needed to justify and subsequently implement waste heat management projects Issues that affect activities in waste heat management at the plant and within each industrial sector. The following is an overview of representative waste heat sources, characteristics, and recovery efforts, as well as possible waste heat uses within a typical plant for each sector. This provides a summary of the issues related to waste heat in each industry. Aluminum – Primary Production Refining Calciners A large percentage of the total energy required to produce aluminum is used during the calcination process. Waste heat exhaust from calciners is a target for heat recovery. The exhaust contains considerable moisture (about 50% water by volume) and contaminants such as alumina particulates at a relatively low temperature (365°–392°F or 185°–200°C). The challenge of recovering heat from exhaust gases and hot alumina is that the low temperature and presence of particulates result in severe fouling of any type of heat exchanger. The industry is considering several technologies to recover latent heat of the water vapor and is working with several organizations to investigate other options. Heat from hot alumina discharged at a very high temperature is another source of heat recovery. Despite the higher temperature, the presence of particulates still presents a challenge. Attempts are being made to recover heat from hot alumina to produce hot water that can be used as a heat source for the Kalina Industrial Waste Heat Recovery Page 8PDF Image | Industrial Waste Heat Recovery: Potential
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