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Preheating service water or river water for use in the plant, if possible and required (may be useful during the colder months) Venting low-pressure (5 psig) steam, which may be condensed and reused for the boiler water system Steel Making – Basic Oxygen Process Area In this area, the main source of waste heat is exhaust gases from the basic oxygen process (BOP) vessel. Mass flow of the gases and the amount of heat leaving the system is variable. The gases are at very high temperatures (>2,000°F or 1,090°C) and contain all types of contaminants, including particulates. The flow is periodic, with large peaks during a short time period of the total cycle time. Most BOPs have a non-steaming hood to collect exhaust gases. The hoods are non-water cooled and the gases are cooled before being taken to a scrubber. Possible waste heat recovery opportunities include the following: Recovery of heat for production of steam with the use of large accumulators Capture of CO2 for use in the water system Caster area The de-gasser in this area uses 250 psig steam that is de-superheated before its use. Areas of waste heat include the following: Heat from the de-superheating process Heat from the de-superheater degasser steam that is discharged at the end of the de-superheater and unable to be returned because it produces contaminated steam and condensate Coke Plant Coke facilities can include several coke oven batteries. A large facility includes extensive process equipment for recovering by-products from the coke-making process. The plants use large boilers that produce steam at 600 psig or higher. The boilers are fired by using COG with natural gas as supplementary fuel. The steam is used to produce power for process uses. A small amount (approximately 10%) of the steam is returned. In many cases, an incinerator is used for final “cleaning” of gases from the plant. The following sources of waste heat were identified for the plant: Hot coke discharged from batteries: The hot coke contains approximately 1 MMBtu/ton heat that is lost due to quick quenching of coke. This is the single largest source of waste heat. Some companies are considering the use of a dry quench system to recover the heat and produce power. The system is commercially proven technology and has been used by several facilities. Hot coke oven gas, which is discharged from the batteries at about 1,500°F (815°C): This gas contains many different constituents, including particulates, condensable liquids, and sulfur compounds. The gas is quenched to 180°F (82°C) and then cooled to 85°F (30°C). The hot gases contain 0.3–0.4 MMBtu/ton of coke. This heat is wasted as hot water from the COG cooling system. Exhaust gases from the coke oven batteries: The batteries include regenerative heat recovery for the hot gases; hence the exhaust gases are at 400°–600°F (200°-320°C). They contain some Industrial Waste Heat Recovery Page 13PDF Image | Industrial Waste Heat Recovery: Potential
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