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Waste Heat Source Blast furnace gas (BFG) Hot coke discharged from coke ovens Heat Recovery Opportunities Maintaining heating value to reduce or eliminate use of supplementary fuel, such as natural gas. Recovery of high-grade (temperature) sensible heat from hot coke. Barriers or Limitations – Currently Available Equipment Moisture removal method for BFG at relatively high temperature. Highly combustible material and the need to be cooled to a fairly low temperature without ignition. Need for fast cooling (quenching) using inert gas. Exhibit 7: Matrix of Waste Heat Sources, Recovery Opportunities and Barriers for the Iron and Steel Industry Coke oven gas (COG) Use of sensible heat and chemical heat of COG—elimination of need to cool or quench the COG as discharged from the coke oven batteries. Presence of particulates, vapors of condensable material, and certain gaseous impurities (e.g., SO2 and CO2) that present problems of condensation and corrosion in transmission and use of hot gases. Steam from liquid steel refining area Recovery of steam heat and condensate return. Presence of gases and particulates that need to be removed before its use in heat exchangers to condense the steam and collect clean and reusable condensate to be returned to the boiler water system. Hot products discharged from various furnaces such as reheat furnaces, annealing furnaces, and heat treating furnaces Recovery of heat from high- temperature (1,300°–2,200°F) (700°–1,200°C) steel products. Design of a cooling system that can cool a product without affecting its surface or other qualities. Economically justifiable method of collection and use of a low- to medium- temperature (as previously defined) cooling medium such as air, mist, or water. Waste heat from recuperator or a regenerative burner system used on various heating or heat treating furnaces Recovery of sensible and latent heat from fly-use gases. Use of low-grade heat usually in the form of hot air or water. Economically justifiable energy conversion from hot gases to electricity, a transportable energy form. Low-grade heat available in the form of hot water used in cooling systems for various operations (e.g., caster, reheat furnaces, and roll cooling) Recovery of heat from low- temperature water (usually less than 125°F or 52°C). Use of low-grade (less than 100°F or 37°C) recovered heat, economic justification for use of systems such as thermally driven heat pumps. Radiation – convection heat loss from furnace walls Recovery of heat for use within the plant. Low temperatures and large surface areas present economic and logistical problems. Potentially usable systems such as TEGs are prohibitively expensive at this time. EAF exhaust gases Recovery of chemical and sensible heat. High temperatures, variable flow rates and temperatures of gases, and the presence of contaminants (e.g., particulates, condensable vapors, and combustible gases). Exhibit 8: Matrix of Waste Heat Sources, Recovery Opportunities and Barriers for the Paper Industry Waste Heat Source Paper machines Waste material with organic content or having heat value Heat Recovery Opportunities Low-temperature (<600°F or 316°C) heat recovery for heating water, air, or power generation. The gases contain some particulates and large amount of water vapor—wet steam. Recovery and use of heating value content of the waste material. Barriers or Limitations – Currently Available Equipment Availability and cost of reliable and efficient low-temperature condensing heat exchangers. Economic justification and availability of combustion equipment that can burn such waste economically. Materials for heat exchanger. Corrosion of materials is a big issue for gases containing acidic constituents (e.g., CO2 and SO2) that can tolerate presence of small particulate or fibrous materials and variable amount of water vapor. Boilers fired with hog fuel or other waste material Use of exhaust gas heat and heat recovery from residual (ash) material that may contain some combustible material. Materials for heat exchanger. Corrosion of materials is a big issue for gases containing acidic constituents (CO2, SO2, etc.) that can tolerate presence of small particulate or fibrous materials and variable amount of water vapor. Industrial Waste Heat Recovery Page 27PDF Image | Industrial Waste Heat Recovery: Potential
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