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Improved efficiency or lower initial costs for lower temperature power generation systems, such as the Kalina cycle. The developments can include reducing the number of components (such as gas-liquid heat exchangers) or using alternate fluids for the cycle. Removal of tars and organic vapors from the exhaust gases without dropping their temperature to allow heat recovery from the “cleaner” gases. Materials and components that offer reliability and longer life for submerged heating devices for corrosive surroundings, such as molten aluminum or molten glass. Opportunities for Food (Snack) Manufacturing Development of heat recovery or energy conversion systems for low-temperature (<200°F or 93°C) heat sources, such as exhaust gases, that may contain water vapor and other contaminates, such as small amounts of oil vapors. Development of heat recovery from low-temperature water (<100°F or 37°C) for plant use. Development of efficient heater systems to reduce energy intensity. Opportunities for Integrated Steel Industry Secondary heat recovery devices that can supplement and enhance performance of the currently used systems, and are capable of recovering part (less than 50%, in most cases) of the waste heat available. Recovery of waste heat or increasing the value of available heat from blast furnace gas (removal of moisture). Recovery of waste heat in hot products such as hot slabs, rolled steel shapes downstream of the rolling mill, heat treated steel processed in furnaces, and coke discharged from coke oven batteries. In some cases, the technologies exist but are too difficult to implement due to space requirements in existing operations, cost, or lack of use of the low-grade heat produced after heat recovery. The industry has not considered this notion, perhaps due to its nature (low- to medium- grade) and difficulty in recovering and using the heat. Recovery and use of waste heat from highly contaminated hot gases such as hot COG from the ovens. No technology exists or is commercially used in similar cases. Energy recovery through cleaning and recycling steam heat from degasifying systems used for liquid steel refining area. Recovery or utilization of radiation—convection heat from furnace walls or openings, or hot products such as hot steel shapes after rolling. Use of low-grade heat in the form of cooling water used in casters or in rolling operations. Opportunities for the Glass Industry (Fiberglass and others) Heat recovery from very high temperature gases (2,200°F or 1,200°C) that contain condensable vapors and produce solid particles that need to be removed. Possible methods include fluidized bed or solid particle-gas heat transfer with a proper material handling system. Rapid quenching methods of hot gases to avoid generation of sticky solids, and subsequent use of these gases in conventional boilers or air heaters. Electricity generation through direct contact or radiation from moderate temperature (300°–900°F or 1500°–480°C) surfaces with economically justifiable paybacks. Possible methods are thermoelectric and photovoltaic devices under development. Industrial Waste Heat Recovery Page 37PDF Image | Industrial Waste Heat Recovery: Potential
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