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A heat pipe is a thermal energy absorbing and transferring system that has no moving parts and therefore requires minimal maintenance. It can transfer up to 100 times more thermal energy than copper—the best-known conductor. As shown in Exhibit A-8, the heat pipe is comprised of three elements: a sealed container, a capillary wick structure, and a working fluid. The capillary wick structure is integrally fabricated into the interior surface of the container tube and sealed under vacuum. Thermal energy applied to the external surface of the heat pipe is in equilibrium with its own vapor as the container tube is sealed under vacuum, and causes the condensed working fluid near the surface to evaporate instantaneously. Vapor thus formed absorbs the latent heat of vaporization and this part of the heat pipe becomes an evaporator region. The vapor then travels to the other end the pipe where the thermal energy is removed causing the vapor to condense into liquid again, thereby giving up the latent heat of the condensation. This part of the heat pipe works as the condenser region. The condensed liquid then flows back to the evaporated region. Exhibit A-8: Typical Heat Pipe Used for Waste Heat Recovery The heat pipe exchanger (HPHE) is a lightweight compact heat recovery system that is not only mechanical-maintenance-free — because there are no moving parts that wear out— but it also does not need input power, cooling water, or a lubrication system. It also lowers the fan horsepower requirement and increases the overall thermal efficiency of the system. Heat pipe heat recovery systems are capable of operating with 60%–80% heat recovery capability. Heat pipes are typically used in the following industrial applications: Processing space heating – The heat pipe heat exchanger transfers the thermal energy from process exhaust for building heating. The preheated air can be blended if required. The requirement of additional heating equipment to deliver heated make up air is drastically reduced or eliminated. Process to process – The heat pipe heat exchangers recover thermal energy waste from the exhaust process and transfer this energy to the incoming process air. The incoming air thus becomes warm and can be used either for the same process/other processes and hence, reduce process energy consumption. Industrial Waste Heat Recovery Page 50PDF Image | Industrial Waste Heat Recovery: Potential
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