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Industrial Waste Heat Recovery: Potential

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Industrial Waste Heat Recovery: Potential ( industrial-waste-heat-recovery-potential )

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Exhibit A-26: 250 kW Demonstration Unit – Echogen System Projected cost of the unit with normal installation is $2,100 per kW. Cost of this system is 15%–25% lower compared to similar ORC systems. Natural Energy Engine (NEE) – Deluge Inc. This waste heat recovery system uses reciprocating cylinders and CO2 as a working fluid to convert thermal energy into mechanical work. As shown in Exhibit A-27, the source of heat is hot water which is heated in a separate heat exchanger by using waste heat. The hot water heat is transferred to the working fluid. In this case, the working fluid is liquefied CO2 because of its high coefficient of expansion. As the working fluid expands, it pushes a piston located inside the engine’s cylinder. Water for cooling next enters the heat exchanger, causing the working fluid to contract thus preparing the piston for another revolution. The piston’s motion is then harnessed to operate a hydraulic motor or perform other work. The calculated engine efficiency for producing mechanical work is about 23%. Efficiency for electricity generation would be lower, estimated to be about 20%. The engine does not require high-speed turbo machines or expanders and offers the following advantages: relatively little heat losses, fewer moving parts, fully hydraulic transmission, and low noise level. The engine can use heat at or above 200°F (95°C) water temperature and can be operated at a temperature differential of 100°F (37°C), from 80°F cold water supply to 180°F (26 to 82°C) heated water supply. The system has been used to operate reciprocating engines in oil fields. At this time, a 250 kW unit has been built and is being tested to collect data on the electrical performance using water from geothermal energy. Industrial Waste Heat Recovery Page 70

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