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TA 6M: Waste Heat Recovery Considerations for the Chemicals and Petroleum Refining Industries The chemicals and petroleum refining industries were the two largest energy-consuming U.S. manufacturing sectors in 2010, consuming 4,252 TBtu and 3,542 TBtu, respectively, of the 19,237 TBtu of manufacturing total primary energy use.30,31,32 WHR related R&D issues in the Chemical and Petroleum industries include: Heat recovery from low-temperature (<200°F) but relatively clean gases, such as combustion products, from natural gas-fired heaters or boilers. Compact heat exchangers that allow condensation of water vapor and utilize mediums that require minimal water. Treatment of high-temperature gases containing corrosive gases (such as hydrochloric acid, etc.). This includes removing (or reacting) these compounds while allowing heat recovery using conventional heat exchanger equipment. Equipment to recover heat from exothermic processes. The system must be compact and reliable and deliver recovered heat in the form of high-pressure steam or another compact usable form. Development of compact heat exchangers such as micro-channel heat exchangers for use in industrial environments. A major requirement is tolerance of the minor and unpredictable presence of solids or other materials that may adversely affect heat exchanger performance. Development of air-cooled heat exchangers that can replace water-cooled units. This will reduce water use and associated energy use. Economically justifiable energy recovery from flared gases. Considerations for the Forest Products Industry The forest products industry was the third largest energy-consuming U.S. manufacturing sector in 2010 (following chemicals; and petroleum refining), consuming 3,152 TBtu of the 19,237 TBtu of manufacturing total primary energy use.33,34 WHR related R&D considerations for the Paper industry include: Development of heat recovery or energy conversion systems for low-temperature (<140°F) heat sources, such as exhaust gases, that may contain water vapor and other contaminates, such as small amounts of fibers or particulates. A system for dehumidifying high-temperature (≥140°F) air containing fibers or particulates. Development of heat recovery from low-temperature water (<100°F) for use in the plant. Development of a drying system for solids, using waste heat from the exhaust gases. Considerations for the Food and Beverage Industry The food and beverage industry was the fourth largest energy-consuming U.S. manufacturing sector in 2010 (following chemicals; petroleum refining; and forest products), consuming 1,836 TBtu of the 19,237 TBtu of manufacturing total primary energy use.35,36 The R&D issues for the Food or Snack manufacturing industry include: Heat recovery or energy conversion systems for low-temperature (<200°F) heat sources, such as exhaust gases, that may contain water vapor and other contaminates, such as small amounts of oil vapors. Heat recovery from low-temperature water (<100°F) for plant use. Improved efficiency heater systems to reduce energy intensity. 30 QuadrennialTechnologyReview2015PDF Image | Innovating Clean Energy Technologies in Advanced Manufacturing
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