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TA 6M: Waste Heat Recovery Cleaning high-temperature contaminated gases without cooling them to significantly lower (<570°F) temperatures. Thermoelectric system infrastructure to prepare for higher ZT value materials and for their use in recovering low- to medium-temperature heat, particularly for surface heat losses such as in electrolysis pots. Efficiencies of these systems are low, between 2 and 5%.16 Durability, cost, and scalability are a few examples of the limitations on TEG implementation in industry.41,42,43 Current research has been focused on producing more efficient devices.16 WHR from exhaust gases requires the use of a heat exchanger, further reducing efficiency, increasing complexity, and adding to maintenance requirements. Improved efficiency or lower initial costs for lower temperature power generation systems, such as the Kalina cycle. The developments can include reducing the number of components (such as gas-liquid heat exchangers) or using alternate fluids for the cycle. Removal of tars and organic vapors from the exhaust gases without dropping their temperature to allow heat recovery from the “cleaner” gases. Materials and components that offer improved reliability and longer life for submerged heating devices for corrosive surroundings, such as molten aluminum or molten glass. Considerations for Aluminum Recycling Operations WHR related R&D consideration for the Aluminum recycling operations include: Cleaning of hot gases from rotary furnaces to allow heat recovery from exhaust gases. A heat recovery system for hot (>1,800°F) exhaust gases containing materials such as flux material and aluminum oxide particles. Secondary heat recovery from gases discharged from recuperators used for combustion air preheating. The gases could be in the temperature range of 400°F–800°F. Considerations for the Cement Industry The cement industry was the eleventh largest energy-consuming U.S. manufacturing sector in 2010 (following chemicals; petroleum refining; forest products; food and beverage; iron and steel; plastics; fabricated metals; transportation equipment; computer, electronics, and electrical equipment; and aluminum), consuming 307 TBtu of the 19,237 TBtu of manufacturing total primary energy use.44,45 R&D issues in the Cement industry include: Heat recovery from hot surfaces or kiln shell surfaces. Cleaning (particulate removal) of air used to cool heated clinker prior to use of the now heated air in boilers or other heat recovery systems. Moisture control or reduction for the raw materials using exhaust gases from heat recovery systems. Use of an alternate (conventional steam boiler or generator) CHP system for generating power using hot air from cooling beds as well as exhaust gases from the system. Considerations for the Glass Industry (including fiberglass and other glass products) The glass industry was the twelfth largest energy-consuming U.S. manufacturing sector in 2010 (following chemicals; petroleum refining; forest products; food and beverage; iron and steel; plastics; fabricated metals; transportation equipment; computer, electronics, and electrical equipment; aluminum; and cement), consuming 294 TBtu of the 19,237 TBtu of manufacturing total primary energy use.46,47 WHR related R&D issues in the glass industry include: 32 QuadrennialTechnologyReview2015PDF Image | Innovating Clean Energy Technologies in Advanced Manufacturing
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