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Latent Heat Storage for Waste Heat Recovery in the Energy Industry

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Latent Heat Storage for Waste Heat Recovery in the Energy Industry ( latent-heat-storage-waste-heat-recovery-the-energy-industry )

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Energies 2021, 14, 365 12 of 13 References Acknowledgments: The authors extend their appreciations to the projects partners for providing sup- port to the present research work. In addition, we would like to express our thanks and appreciation to A. González-Espinosa, the coordinator of RETROFEED project. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Ethics Statements: The authors declare that the article contains no libellous or other unlawful statements and does not contain any materials that violate any personal or proprietary rights of any other person or entity because of the supporting of necessary permissions. Abbreviations cNG DSS ECES EII Esaved GHG HS HTF HX IEA KPI LHS LHV MRP NG NGsaved ndays nocycles PCM R2 TES WHR a, b d, c Toperation VPCM X, Y ρNG Cost of the natural gas, EU average, (€/kWh) Decision Support System Energy Conservation through Energy Storage Energy-intensive industries Energy saved by the PCM-TES per cycle (charge+discharge), (kWh/cycle) GreenHouse Gas Hydrated Salt Heat Transfer Fluid Heat eXchanger Internationa Energy Agency Key Parameter Indicator Latent Heat Storage Lower Heating Value, (kWh/kg) Most Relevant Parameter Natural Gas Natural Gas saved, in economic terms per year, (€/yr) Annual number of working days, (days) Daily number of complete cycles for the PCM-TES, (cycles) Phase Change Material Square of the correlation coefficient Thermal Energy Storage Waste Heat Recovery Exponential correlation coefficients Linear correlation coefficients Temperature of operation, (◦ C) Volume of PCM system, (m3 ) Tool outputs regarding design and performance parameters Natural gas density (kg/m3 ) 1. Chan, Y.; Kantamaneni, R.; Allington, M. Study on energy efficiency and energy saving potential in industry and on possible policy mechanisms. ICF Consult. Ltd. Lond. Tratto Il Giorno 2015, 6, 2016. 2. European Commission. Energy Union. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/energy/topics/energy-strategy/energy-union_ en?redir=1 (accessed on 25 October 2020). 3. European-Commission; Peteves, E.; Tzimas, E.; Sales Agut, C.; Telsing, T.; Magagna, D.; Ruehringer, M. Implementing the SET-PLAN: Progress from the Implementation of Working Groups; European-Commission: Brussels, Belgium, 2019. 4. Egilegor, B.; Jouhara, H.; Zuazua, J.; Al-Mansour, F.; Plesnik, K.; Montorsi, L.; Manzini, L. ETEKINA: Analysis of the potential for waste heat recovery in three sectors: Aluminium low pressure die casting, steel sector and ceramic tiles manufacturing sector. Int. J. Thermofluids 2020, 1–2, 100002. [CrossRef] 5. European Commission. SET-Plan. In ACTION n◦6-Implementation Plan.: "Continue Efforts to Make EU Industry Less Energy Intensive and More Competitive"; European-Commission: Brussels, Belgium, 2017. 6. Castro Oliveira, M.; Iten, M.; Cruz, P.L.; Monteiro, H. Review on Energy Efficiency Progresses, Technologies and Strategies in the Ceramic Sector Focusing on Waste Heat Recovery. Energies 2020, 13, 6096. [CrossRef] 7. Crespo, A.; Barreneche, C.; Ibarra, M.; Platzer, W. Latent thermal energy storage for solar process heat applications at medium-high temperatures—A review. Sol. Energy 2018. [CrossRef]

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