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nanomaterials Article The Application of Nano-MoS2 Quantum Dots as Liquid Lubricant Additive for Tribological Behavior Improvement Junde Guo 1,* , Runling Peng 1, Hang Du 1, Yunbo Shen 1, Yue Li 2, Jianhui Li 3,* and Guangneng Dong 4,* 1 2 3 4 * Correspondence: gjd0119@xatu.edu.cn (J.G.); ljh1987@stu.xjtu.edu.cn (J.L.); donggn@mail.xjtu.edu.cn (G.D.) School of Mechatronic Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710021, China; pengrunling@163.com (R.P.); duhangxiangongye@163.com (H.D.); shenyunbo@xatu.edu.cn (Y.S.) Institute of Machinery Manufacturing Technology, China Association of Employment Promotion, Mianyang 621900, China; 15229289312@163.com School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design and Rotor-Bearing System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China Received: 13 December 2019; Accepted: 21 January 2020; Published: 23 January 2020 Abstract: Molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (MoS2 QDs) are a promising lubricant additive for enhanced engine efficiency. In this study, MoS2 QDs were used as lubricating oil additives for ball-on-disc contact and had adequate dispersity in paroline oil, due to their super small particle size (~3 nm). Tribological results indicate that the friction coefficient of paroline oil with 0.3 wt.% MoS2 QDs reached 0.061, much lower than that of pure paroline oil (0.169), which is due to the formation of a stable tribo-film formed by the MoS2, MoO3, FeS, and FeSO4 composite within the wear track. Synergistic lubrication effects of the tribo-film and ball-bearing effect cooperatively resulted in the lowest friction and wear. Keywords: MoS2 QDs; lubricant additive; tribological property; lubrication mechanism 1. Introduction Friction and wear between moving components have an important influence on the energy loss of engineering equipment [1–3]. Lubrication technology is of great significance to improve the tribological properties and reduce the wear of friction pairs [4,5]. In addition, lubricants have the functions of cleaning wear debris, sealing clearances, dissipating heat, and resisting corrosion or rust [6,7]. Lubricant additives can reduce friction loss and conservation resources [8]. Lubricant additives for lubricating oil are widely used to improve durability of frictional components [9]. In recent years, the tribological property of nanoparticle additives attracted a great deal of attention, as they show friction-reducing and anti-wear effects to a certain level. However, the production of the above additives creates a potential environmental problem due to hazardous emissions such as H2S and phosphorus, as well as sludge obtained during purification. Recent environmentally friendly regulations advocate for low-phosphorus or phosphorus-free industrial lubricants [10]. Lubricant additives were extensively studied in the past few years, such as MoS2 nanosheets [11], MoS2 nanotubes [12], fullerene-like MoS2 [13], and grapheme [14]. However, the limitation of dispersibility is the key factor affecting the tribological properties of lubricant additives in liquid, and the particle size and thickness of lubricant additives have a great influence on their tribological properties [15]. The dispersibility of the nano-additive in lubricating oil Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 200; doi:10.3390/nano10020200 www.mdpi.com/journal/nanomaterialsPDF Image | Nano-MoS2 Quantum Dots as Liquid Lubricant Additive for Tribo
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