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Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 200 2 of 12 shows excellent performance; thus, MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) show great potential in lubricating oil additives based on tribological properties. Nanometer-level additives exhibit excellent performance in terms of dispersibility in lubrication oil; thus, MoS2 QDs show great potential as lubricant additives in terms of tribological performance [16]. Fullerene-like nano-MoS2 particles can easily penetrate the contact area and form homogeneous tribo-film to achieve low friction and wear [13]. There were many studies on the fabrication of nano-MoS2 as oil additives [11,17,18]; however, it is very difficult to synthesize MoS2 quantum dots with particle size less than 5 nm as lubricant additives compared to MoS2 nanosheets. Thus, MoS2 QDs have a smaller particle size and higher special surface area, which is more beneficial to dispersibility, resulting in them having great potential to be used as lubricant additives [19]. Moreover, the tribological performance of MoS2 nanosheet and nanotube lubricant additives was studied, but the tribological behavior of MoS2 QDs (size < 5 nm) is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the tribological performance of MoS2 QDs as a lubricant additive in paroline oil. Ball-on-disc tribological tests were conducted under boundary lubrication to simulate the point contact between mechanical components. The influence of the additive amount of MoS2 QDs on the tribological performance was investigated. In order to clearly investigate the lubrication mechanism of MoS2 QDs in paroline oil, and to differentiate the competitive adsorption from other lubricant additives (dispersant or detergent), MoS2 QDs were used as the single lubricant additive in paroline oil, thereby obtaining sufficient tribological results in laboratory tests. 2. Experimental 2.1. Synthesis of MoS2 QDs and Dispersion Process in Paroline Oil The MoS2 QDs were synthesized through a one-pot hydrothermal method with a mixture of Na2MoO4·2H2O and thiocarbamide. In a typical procedure, the mixture of Na2MoO4·2H2O (120 mg) and thiocarbamide (324 mg) was dispersed in 10 mL of distilled water. After stirring for 30 min, the mixture was transferred to a 50-mL poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (Teflon) autoclave and kept at 200 ◦C for 8 h through microwave irradiation in nitrogen atmosphere. After being cooled to room temperature naturally, the product of the reaction was repetitively purified by centrifuging in ethanol and deionized water. Furthermore, the precipitate obtained by centrifugation was added to 10 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone, which was continuously smashed by a wheel sonde for 16 h. Then, the product was separated centrifugally at 5000 rpm for 30 min. The supernatant MoS2 QDs represented the target dispersion solution. Furthermore, MoS2 QDs could be obtained via a filtration or centrifugation method. The final prepared MoS2 QDs were a black powder, which were added to paraffin oil by ultrasonic dispersion to achieve stable dispersions. 2.2. Tribological Procedure of Ball-On-Disc Testing The tribological property was tested using a ball-on-disc tribometer (UMT-2, CETR Corporation Ltd., Campbell, USA) in a reciprocation model. Schematic diagram of ball-on-disc tribometer was shown in Figure 1. The experiments were performed for 30 min at room temperature (20–23 ◦C). All tests were repeated three times. The disc was bearing steel (surface roughness of about 0.02 μm), and the ball was industrial bearing steel (Φ9.5 mm, surface roughness 0.01 μm). The applied load of the ball-on-disc tribometer was 6 N, the applied sliding speed was 1.5 Hz, and the sliding travel was 6mm. The above testing condition was selected based on some types of gears with low speed and moderate-duty gears.PDF Image | Nano-MoS2 Quantum Dots as Liquid Lubricant Additive for Tribo
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