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Energies 2020, 13, x 22 of 31 Energies 2020, 13, 370 22 of 31 At the optimum point, the temperature increase of CO2 in LTR is moderate (i.e., T8 >> T3) so that a major fraction of the heat available from the external heat source can be recovered by the power At the optimum point, the temperature increase of CO2 in LTR is moderate (i.e., T8 >> T3) so that cycle. Conversely, the temperature of the CO2 stream at the outlet of HTR and entering the LTT is a major fraction of the heat available from the external heat source can be recovered by the power cycle. high and close to the exhaust temperature from the HTT (i.e., T7 → T5). The heat at the outlet of both Conversely, the temperature of the CO2 stream at the outlet of HTR and entering the LTT is high and HTT and LTT is fully recovered and the temperatures of the streams entering the mixing point are close to the exhaust temperature from the HTT (i.e., T7 → T5). The heat at the outlet of both HTT and close to the compressor outlet temperature (T6, T9, T10 → T2). The high ηth is partially abated by the LTT is fully recovered and the temperatures of the streams entering the mixing point are close to the poor φ but finally results in the highest η . compressor outlet temperature (T , T , T TO→T T ). The high η is partially abated by the poor φ but 69102 th A reduction of x from the optimum (x = 0.40) implies a significant reduction of the CO2 finally results in the highest ηTOT. temperature at the outlet of HTR and that entering the LTT. This, in turn, results in a decrease of the A reduction of x from the optimum (x = 0.40) implies a significant reduction of the CO2 temperature CO2 temperature entering the heater. The marked reduction of η prevails on the moderate at the outlet of HTR and that entering the LTT. This, in turn, results in a detchrease of the CO2 temperature improvement of φ and finally results in a reduction of η . These effects are even exacerbated by entering the heater. The marked reduction of η prevails on the moderate improvement of φ and th TOT fithnealrleydruecstuioltnsionfaTrIeTd(uec.gti.o,nTIoTf=η400.°TCh)etsheaetffmecatysaervenevrenquexiraecethrbeaetxedclubsyiothneorfeLdTuRctidouneotfoTtIhTe(elo.gw., TOT ◦ TteITm=pe4r0a0turCe)atthtahtemLaTyTevoeuntlreetq(uTi8re≈tTh2e).eAxcnluinsicorneaosfeLoTfRxd(uxe=t0o.7th0e) rloeswulttesminpearnatiunrceoamtpthleteLTrTecouvtelreyt (oTf t≈heTex).hAaunsitnhcereaatsaetothfexo(xu=tle0t.7o0f)trhesuHltTsTin(Ta6n>i>ncTo2m) tpolethterdeceotrvimereynotfotfheηex.hTahuestrehdeuacttaiotnthoefoηutleits 82 omfothrepHrToTno(Tunc>e>dTin)tthoetphreedsentrcimeoefnatolofwηer. TIhTeirnedsupciteioonfothfeηlowisemroCrOe2ptreomnopuenracetudrienathtehperienslentcoef 62 th th othf ea clowoler.TIT in spite of the lower CO2 temperature at the inlet of the cooler. Figure 14 shows the T–s diiagram off tthe duall rrecuperatted cyclle att tthe opttiimum poiintt.. The power c cy yc cl le e i is s a ac ct tu ua al ll ly y c co om mp po os se ed d o of f t tw wo o p pa ar rt ti ia al ll ly y s su up pe er ri im mp po os se ed d B Br ra ay ytto on n c cy yc clle es s:: T Th he e fif ir rs st t e el le em me en nt ta ar ry y c cy yc cl le e ( (i in n blue) operates between the minimum and maximum temperature and mainly receives heat from the external heat source, and the second elementary cycle (in pink) recovers heat from the exhaust of the fifirstcycleandthereforereachessaaloloweerrmaaxximimuummtetmemppereartautruer.eA. Acccocrodridnignlyg,lyt,htehtehtehrmeramlaelffeicffiiecniecnycoyf othfethfiersfitreslteemlemnteanrytacryccleycislethisetrhaetiorabtieotwbeetwnethenentheetpnoewtperowouetrpouuttopbutationbetdaibnyedm1baynmdthaendhetahteinhpeaut 1 ifnropmut ftrhoemexthterenxatlerhnealthseoautrscoeu(racse (paesrpEerquEaqtuioantio(n5)()5.)I)n. sIntesatdea,dth, tehethtehremrmalaleeffffiiccieienncycyoffthe second elementary cycle is the ratio betweenthenetpowerouttputtobttaiinedbytthemasflflowrratte,,m2, and the heat recovered from the exhaust of the ffiirstt ellementtaarryyccyycclele(a(acccoordrdininggtotoEEqquuaatitoionn(6()6)).). Figure 14.. Dual recuperated layout: T–s diagram of the optimum thermodynamic cycle maximizing η .. The cooling profifilleoffttheheattssourrcceeiissssupeerriimposseed.. TOT TOT Table 7 shows that the thermal efficiency of the first elementary cycle is higher than the Table 7 shows that the thermal efficiency of the first elementary cycle is higher than the corresponding cycles in the previous layouts due to CO preheating by heat regeneration (orange corresponding cycles in the previous layouts due to CO2 preheating by heat regeneration (orange process in Figure 6). The first elementary cycle enables a moderate heat extraction from the heat source process in Figure 6). The first elementary cycle enables a moderate heat extraction from the heat (φ = 68.27), whereas the second elementary cycle enables an effective heat recovery from the exhaust source (φ = 68.27), whereas the second elementary cycle enables an effective heat recovery from the ofthehighertemperatureCO turbine. 2 exhaust of the higher temperature CO2 turbine. 2 th th 2PDF Image | Novel Supercritical CO2 Power Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery
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