PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 015
1. Executive Summary Due to increasing demand on fresh water sources, there is a need to develop new water supplies in the Western United States. Large volumes of water produced during oil and gas extraction, called produced water, are generated in drought prone locations that are also experiencing an increase in population. Produced water is a waste byproduct of the oil and gas industry; however, with appropriate treatment and application to beneficial use, produced water can serve as a new water supply in the Western United States. The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) Technical Service Center gathered data from publically available sources to describe the water quality characteristics of produced water, performed an assessment of water quality in terms of geographic location and water quality criteria of potential beneficial uses, identified appropriate treatment technologies for produced water, and described practical beneficial uses of produced water. Produced water quality varies significantly based on geographical location, type of hydrocarbon produced, and the geochemistry of the producing formation. In general, the total dissolved solids concentration can range from 100 milligrams per liter (mg/L) to over 400,000 mg/L. Silt and particulates, sodium, bicarbonate, and chloride are the most commonly occurring inorganic constituents in produced water. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds are the most commonly occurring organic contaminants in produced water. The types of contaminants found in produced water and their concentrations have a large impact on the most appropriate type of beneficial use and the degree and cost of treatment required. Many different types of technologies can be used to treat produced water; however, the types of constituents removed by each technology and the degree of removal must be considered to identify potential treatment technologies for a given application. For some types of produced water, more than one type of treatment technology may be capable of meeting the contaminant removal target; and a set of selection criteria must be applied to narrow down multiple treatment options. Beneficial uses of produced water include crop irrigation, livestock watering, streamflow augmentation, and municipal and industrial uses. Produced water also can be placed in aquifer storage for future use. The type of beneficial use most appropriate for a produced water application depends on the geographical location of the produced water generation, the location of the beneficial use, and the constituent concentrations in the produced water. 1PDF Image | Oil and Gas Produced Water Management
PDF Search Title:
Oil and Gas Produced Water ManagementOriginal File Name Searched:
report157.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |