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4. Geographical Occurrence of Produced Water 4.1 Conventional Oil and Gas Resources Conventional oil and gas resources are explored across the United States. In 2008, the U.S. Energy Information Administration estimated that 363,107 oil wells and 460,261 gas wells were producing in the United States. Of the wells in operation, 78% of the oil wells and 65% of the gas wells produced 10 barrels of energy (BOE) per day or less. Conventional resources are not commonly produced by a few wells with excellent production numbers. Instead, since a majority of wells produce less energy per day, production is compensated by drilling dense well populations to increase production in a field. The large quantity of wells also contributes to a large volume of produced water generated. The geographic location of oil and gas wells within the United States is shown in the context of the major producing basins and the top producing oil and gas wells; see figure 2. Conventional oil and gas wells in the Western United States represented 86% of the total oil and 72% of the total gas wells nationwide in 2008. States in the Western United States containing more than 25,000 oil wells include California, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas, while States containing more than 25,000 gas wells include Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas and Wyoming. Conventional oil and gas wells in the Western States are presented in figures 3 and 4. As mentioned previously, oil reservoirs commonly contain larger volumes of water then gas reservoirs. For conventional wells, States with the largest volumes of produced water quantities should include California, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Conventional well fields across this Western United States are tabulated in table 2. The 22 basins recognized are included based on the number of wells associated with each basin. This table is not comprehensive to all oil and gas basins, which exist in this region. Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington are not included in the State distribution in table 2, due to the absence or small number of oil and gas wells in these locations. The USEIA does report that 20 gas wells exist in the State of Oregon and 73 oil wells in the State of Nevada. It also should be noted that oil and gas operations also exist off shore in the Gulf of Mexico, off of Texas-Louisiana, and the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California. These wells and basins are not included in this assessment of Western State resources; however, information on these coastal basins and wells is available through the USEIA. 13PDF Image | Oil and Gas Produced Water Management
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